ABSTRACT

School absenteeism and dropout can have long-term detrimental consequences for young people. It is empirically established that children exposed to positive family processes (PFP) such as parental involvement, support, and high educational expectations have a reduced likelihood of being absent and dropping out of school. In contrast, negative family processes (NFP) such as conflict, maltreatment, low supervision, and harsh punishment have been shown to increase the likelihood of absenteeism and dropout. Using meta-analytic review, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between PFP and NFP and school absenteeism and dropout among primary and secondary school students. Studies were identified through five electronic databases and the reference lists of included and key articles. The relationship between family process and school absenteeism or dropout in primary or secondary school children was analyzed across 33 studies. Effect sizes were used to conduct meta-analyses on overall relationships and multiple outcome analyses. The findings indicated a significant negative relationship between PFP and school absenteeism and dropout and a significant positive relationship between school absenteeism and dropout and NFP. The relationship between PFP and school absenteeism and dropout was strongest for primary school, whereas the correlation between NFP and absenteeism and dropout was strongest for secondary school students. The present findings support a systemic focus in understanding school absenteeism and dropout by highlighting the need for further research into the association between family processes and school attendance. In addition, the findings strengthen the need to view school attendance with a developmental lens and take into consideration family processes critical to lifespan development when designing psychological intervention.

摘要

旷课和辍学会对年轻人产生长期的不利影响。经验表明，暴露于积极家庭过程 (PFP​​) 的儿童，例如父母的参与、支持和高教育期望，他们缺勤和辍学的可能性降低。相比之下，消极的家庭进程 (NFP)，例如冲突、虐待、监管不力和严厉的惩罚，已被证明会增加旷工和辍学的可能性。本研究使用元分析综述，旨在调查中小学生 PFP 和 NFP 与旷课和辍学之间的关系。研究是通过五个电子数据库以及纳入和关键文章的参考列表确定的。在 33 项研究中分析了家庭进程与小学或中学儿童旷课或辍学之间的关系。效应量用于对整体关系和多结果分析进行荟萃分析。研究结果表明，PFP 与旷课和辍学之间存在显着的负相关关系，而旷课和辍学与 NFP 之间存在显着的正相关关系。PFP 与旷课和辍学之间的关系在小学中最强，而 NFP 与旷课和辍学之间的相关性在中学生中最强。通过强调需要进一步研究家庭进程与上学之间的关系，目前的研究结果支持系统地关注了解缺课和辍学。