ABSTRACT

In the Netherlands after the Second World War, the design of urban expansion districts was at the heart of a programme to build a welfare state. Inspired by the idea of the Garden City, buildings and landscape were considered complementary to create a modern, spacious, healthy living environment. Most studies of these expansion plans have focused on urbanism and architecture. This paper discusses the ideas and designs of landscape architects Jan Bijhouwer, Wim Boer and Mien Ruys for outdoor spaces in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Supported by post-war urban ideas, the landscape architects sought to restore the contact of citizens with nature in order to create a ‘complete’ living environment. In design practice, sociospatial ideas about the character and form of nature turned out to diverge. A better understanding of the landscape architectural perspective will nuance the historical knowledge that is used as a reference for the renewal of post-war districts.

摘要

在二战后的荷兰，城市扩展区的设计是建立福利国家计划的核心。受花园城市理念的启发，建筑与景观相辅相成，营造出现代、宽敞、健康的生活环境。大多数关于这些扩展计划的研究都集中在城市化和建筑上。本文讨论了景观设计师 Jan Bijhouwer、Wim Boer 和 Mien Ruys 在阿姆斯特丹和鹿特丹的户外空间的想法和设计。在战后城市理念的支持下，景观设计师试图恢复市民与自然的联系，以创造一个“完整”的生活环境。在设计实践中，关于自然的特征和形式的社会空间思想结果出现分歧。