Conflict and tension in the couple relationship transfers to the parent–child relationship, amplifying the stress parents experience while parenting young children. Pinpointing moderating and individual-level factors that exist in this spillover process may identify both couple and individual areas where spillover might be mitigated. This study used a within-couple approach to test for gender differences in marital-to-parenting spillover and to examine the moderating roles of gender, parental identity, and the emotion regulation strategy cognitive reappraisal in the linkages between marital–parenting spillover. From a larger study of parenting experiences, 96 mother–father couples of young children (mean age = 3.22 years) reported on measures of marital satisfaction, cognitive reappraisal, parenting identity, and parenting stress. Using path model comparisons, we found more similarities than differences between mothers and fathers and, contrary to the hypothesis, that mothers experienced greater spillover between marital satisfaction and parental distress than fathers. Results differed between outcome measures, suggesting that parents experience more spillover from marital satisfaction to parenting in the context of parental distress than in dysfunctional interactions with their child. Importantly, we found that higher parental identity strengthened marital-to-parenting spillover for mothers in contrast to expectations based on theoretical assumptions, whereas cognitive reappraisal weakened marital-to-parenting spillover, supporting the broader emotion regulation literature. These results signify the importance of situating the marriage to parenting transfer in the context of affective experiences and intensified parenting expectations, wherein flexibility in role identity may help alleviate parenting stress.

中文翻译：

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谁的育儿压力更容易受到婚姻不满的影响？一种检查性别、认知重新评估和父母身份的夫妻内部方法

夫妻关系中的冲突和紧张转移到亲子关系上，放大了父母在养育幼儿时所经历的压力。查明存在于该溢出过程中的调节因素和个体层面的因素，可以确定可以减轻溢出的夫妻和个体领域。本研究采用夫妻内方法来测试婚姻-养育溢出中的性别差异，并检验性别、父母身份和情绪调节策略认知重评在婚姻-养育溢出之间的联系中的调节作用。在一项更大规模的育儿经历研究中，96 对幼儿（平均年龄 = 3.22 岁）的母亲-父亲夫妇报告了婚姻满意度、认知重新评估、育儿身份和育儿压力的衡量标准。使用路径模型比较，我们发现母亲和父亲之间的相似性多于差异，并且与假设相反，母亲在婚姻满意度和父母痛苦之间的溢出效应比父亲更大。结果测量的结果不同，这表明在父母痛苦的情况下，父母从婚姻满意度到养育子女的溢出比在与孩子的功能失调的互动中更多。重要的是，我们发现，与基于理论假设的期望相比，更高的父母身份增强了母亲的婚姻对育儿溢出效应，而认知重新评估削弱了婚姻对育儿的溢出效应，支持了更广泛的情绪调节文献。