ABSTRACT: Farmed fish released in a native environment can display different spawning behaviour compared to their wild conspecifics. In our study, farmed and wild burbot, a species recently introduced for aquacultural production, were equipped with electromyogram (EMG) radio tags. EMG biotelemetry allows a description of the spatial distribution of fish together with simultaneous measurements of individual energy consumption. Farmed burbot were released into the wild to simulate stocking or hatchery escape and were observed over a nocturnal phase during November to January. The observational period was assumed to cover the whole spawning season, including an expected peak of spawning activity determined according to egg production by naturally spawning burbot in an experimental seminatural river channel. We detected increased energy consumption and lower movement activity at the time of expected peak spawning for wild burbot only. Across the whole spawning season, farmed females showed lower movement activity and energy consumption than wild females, whereas the opposite results were found for farmed males. Farmed and wild fish kept larger distances between each other than the individuals within a group (farmed and wild) across the whole spawning season. The closest positions occurred between males and females in the wild group, while for farmed fish, the closest position was found within the same sex. Sexually conditioned energy consumption and spatial distribution differed between wild and farmed fish.

中文翻译：

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野生和养殖的burbot Lota lota：产卵期能量消耗和行为的差异

摘要：在原生环境中释放的养殖鱼类与其野生同种生物相比，表现出不同的产卵行为。在我们的研究中，养殖的和野生的Burbot（一种最近引入水产养殖的物种）配备了肌电图（EMG）无线电标签。EMG生物遥测技术可以描述鱼类的空间分布，并同时测量个体的能量消耗。养殖的Burbot被释放到野外以模拟放养或孵化场的逃逸，并在11月至1月的夜间活动期间进行了观察。假定观察期涵盖整个产卵季节，包括预期的产卵活动高峰，该高峰根据实验性半天然河道中自然产卵的江豚的产卵量确定。我们仅在预期的野生Burbot产卵高峰时发现能量消耗增加，运动活动降低。在整个产卵季节，养殖的雌性动物的运动活动和能量消耗低于野生的雌性，而养殖的雌性则相反。在整个产卵季节，养殖鱼类和野生鱼类之间的距离比一组个体（农场和野生）之间的距离更大。在野生群体中，最接近的位置发生在雄性和雌性之间，而对于养殖鱼类，最接近的位置是在相同性别内。野生和养殖鱼的性条件能量消耗和空间分布不同。养殖的雌性动物的运动活动和能量消耗低于野生的雌性，而养殖的雄性动物则相反。在整个产卵季节，养殖鱼类和野生鱼类之间的距离比一组个体（农场和野生）之间的距离更大。在野生群体中，最接近的位置发生在雄性和雌性之间，而对于养殖鱼类，最接近的位置发现在同性别内。野生和养殖鱼的性条件能量消耗和空间分布不同。养殖的雌性动物的运动活动和能量消耗低于野生的雌性，而养殖的雄性动物则相反。在整个产卵季节，养殖鱼类和野生鱼类之间的距离比一组个体（农场和野生）之间的距离更大。在野生群体中，最接近的位置发生在雄性和雌性之间，而对于养殖鱼类，最接近的位置是在相同性别内。野生和养殖鱼类的性条件能量消耗和空间分布不同。在野生群体中，最接近的位置发生在雄性和雌性之间，而对于养殖鱼类，最接近的位置是在相同性别内。野生和养殖鱼类的性条件能量消耗和空间分布不同。在野生群体中，最接近的位置发生在雄性和雌性之间，而对于养殖鱼类，最接近的位置是在相同性别内。野生和养殖鱼的性条件能量消耗和空间分布不同。