Integrating foliar zinc (Zn) application into common practices, e.g. application of pesticides, phosphorus (P) or biostimulants, is a feasible agronomic strategy of wheat biofortification. However, it remains unclear how this integrated approach affects the efficacy of foliar Zn sprays, especially under unfavourable environmental conditions. Here, two field experiments considering Zn forms (ZnSO₄ and zinc-glycine) and applications (alone or combined with pesticides, KH₂PO₄, and biostimulants amino acids or fulvic acids) were conducted in two seasons (2017 and 2018), and their effects on the magnitude of grain Zn increment and bioavailability were evaluated. The results showed that less precipitation in 2018 caused 11.7–52.2% yield losses than in 2017, which increased grain Zn concentration by 13.4–58.4%. Foliar application of Zn-glycine did not surpass ZnSO₄ spray in regarding to grain Zn concentration and bioavailability. Grain Zn concentration substantially decreased in plants sprayed with KH₂PO₄ irrespective of Zn forms applied, indicating strong antagonistic effects of P supply on grain Zn enrichment. There were no differences in grain Zn density between the applications of amino acids and fulvic acids. However, grain Zn bioavailability significantly increased by 22.3 and 23.4% in the Zn plus pesticides treatment when sprayed with fulvic acids in 2017 and with amino acids in 2018, respectively. Overall, environmental conditions and foliar Zn management considering Zn forms and applications accounted for 35–45% and 20–37% of explained variation in the magnitude of grain Zn increment, respectively. The results demonstrated that management and environment are crucial factors to consider in agronomic biofortification of wheat.

将叶面锌（Zn）的应用整合到常见实践中，例如农药，磷（P）或生物刺激剂的应用，是小麦生物强化的可行农艺策略。然而，目前尚不清楚这种综合方法如何影响叶面锌喷雾剂的功效，尤其是在不利的环境条件下。在这里，进行了两次考虑锌形式（ZnSO ₄和甘氨酸锌）及其应用（单独或与农药，KH ₂ PO ₄结合使用）的野外实验分别在两个季节（2017年和2018年）进行了生物刺激剂氨基酸或富里酸的研究，并评估了它们对谷物锌增量和生物利用度的影响。结果表明，与2017年相比，2018年的降水量减少造成11.5％至52.2％的产量损失，这使谷物锌浓度增加了13.4％至58.4％。就谷物中锌的浓度和生物利用度而言，叶面喷施锌甘氨酸并没有超过ZnSO ₄喷雾。喷洒KH ₂ PO _4的植物中的籽粒锌浓度显着降低不论使用何种形式的锌，都表明磷供应对谷物锌富集具有强烈的拮抗作用。氨基酸和黄腐酸的施用之间，籽粒锌的密度没有差异。然而，当分别在2017年和2018年分别喷洒富里酸和氨基酸时，锌加农药处理的谷物锌的生物利用度分别显着增加了22.3％和23.4％。总体而言，考虑锌形态和应用的环境条件和叶面锌管理分别占解释的锌增量幅度变化的35–45％和20–37％。结果表明，管理和环境是小麦农艺生物强化中要考虑的关键因素。