In this article, an I‐slot circular patch antenna conformed on a spherical structure is proposed. For the implementation of the proposed antenna, the polylactic acid (PLA) material is used with the help of a 3D printer. In accordance with this purpose, we determine the permittivity value of the PLA with a T‐resonator method before the design process. Then, the geometrical design of the spherical patch antenna is optimized by means of a differential evolution algorithm. After the design and optimization process, the conformal spherical patch antenna is fabricated on a sphere cap. The main characteristics of the proposed antenna are given for both the simulations and the measurements. It is seen that the simulation results agree well with the measurement results. Furthermore, an experiment is performed in order to examine the application possibility of the presented spherical antenna. For this experiment, a spherical communication module with the proposed antenna and an inner wireless transmitter system is built. In this experiment, the spherical module is rolled down a slope while it continuously transmits pseudo‐random numbers. The data are received by a receiver station at the top of the slope. The received data are evaluated in terms of the amount of received packets per unit of time. The numerical results indicate that the proposed antenna can be used for dynamic spherical systems such as throwable objects and spherical robots.

中文翻译：

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球面结构的I型槽共形圆形贴片天线的设计与实现

在本文中，提出了一种符合球形结构的I型槽圆形贴片天线。为了实现所建议的天线，在3D打印机的帮助下使用了聚乳酸（PLA）材料。根据此目的，我们在设计过程之前通过T谐振器方法确定PLA的介电常数。然后，通过差分演化算法优化球形贴片天线的几何设计。经过设计和优化过程后，共形球形贴片天线被制作在球形帽上。给出了拟议天线的主要特性，用于仿真和测量。可以看出，仿真结果与测量结果非常吻合。此外，为了检验所提出的球形天线的应用可能性，进行了实验。对于此实验，构建了带有拟议天线和内部无线发射器系统的球形通信模块。在此实验中，球形模块在连续传输伪随机数的同时向下倾斜。数据由斜坡顶部的接收站接收。根据每单位时间接收到的数据包的数量来评估接收到的数据。数值结果表明，所提出的天线可用于动态球形系统，例如可抛物和球形机器人。当球形模块连续发送伪随机数时，它沿斜坡向下滚动。数据由斜坡顶部的接收站接收。根据每单位时间接收到的数据包的数量来评估接收到的数据。数值结果表明，所提出的天线可用于动态球形系统，例如可抛物和球形机器人。当球形模块连续发送伪随机数时，它沿斜坡向下滚动。数据由斜坡顶部的接收站接收。根据每单位时间接收到的数据包的数量来评估接收到的数据。数值结果表明，所提出的天线可用于动态球形系统，例如可抛物和球形机器人。