Possible high biodeterioration of the microorganisms due to their metabolic pathway and activities on stone materials causes solemn problems in cultural heritage. Different kinds of laboratory-scale methods have been used for the reduction of microbial growth, that is, chemical, mechanical, and physical, which are cost-effective and not ecofriendly. In the current study, an ecofriendly approach utilizing silver nanoparticles were synthesized using sheep blood serum. Transmission electron microscopy results have confirmed the spherical and well dispersed silver nanoparticles with an average size of 32.49 nm, while energy dispersive X-ray has shown the abundance of silver nanoparticles. The efficiency against bacterial species was verified through laboratory-scale testing. The strong antibacterial activity was confirmed when B-AgNPs was tested against different bacterial species isolated from the Beishiku Cave Temple. The largest zone of inhibition was measured 26.48 ± 0.14 mm against Sphingomonas sp. while the smallest zone of inhibition measured was 9.70 ± 0.27 mm against Massilia sp. Moreover, these ecofriendly B-AgNPs were tested for daily based dose in different concentrations (0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 mg/L) against common carp fish for a long exposure (20 days) and 6.5% fatality was found. The highest lethal concentration (LC₅₀) for fish (0.61 ± 0.09 mg/L). No doubt, the laboratory scale applications have revealed the best results with minute toxicity in fish. Therefore, sheep serum should be continued to synthesize silver nanoparticles on a large scale. A strict monitoring system should be developed for the synthesis and application of AgNPs.

中文翻译：

---

利用动物血液生物合成纳米银及其对细菌种类的预防效率和对鲤鱼的生态毒性

由于微生物的代谢途径和对石材的活动，微生物可能会发生高度生物退化，从而导致文化遗产中的严重问题。各种实验室规模的方法已被用于减少微生物生长，即化学、机械和物理方法，这些方法具有成本效益且不环保。在目前的研究中，使用绵羊血清合成了一种利用银纳米粒子的环保方法。透射电子显微镜结果证实了球形且分散良好的银纳米颗粒，平均尺寸为 32.49 nm，而能量色散 X 射线显示银纳米颗粒的丰度。通过实验室规模的测试验证了对抗细菌物种的效率。当 B-AgNPs 对从北石库洞寺分离的不同细菌物种进行测试时，证实了其强大的抗菌活性。最大抑菌圈测量值为 26.48 ± 0.14 mm鞘氨醇单胞菌 而测量到的最小抑菌圈是 9.70 ± 0.27 mm 对Massilia sp。此外，对这些生态友好的 B-AgNPs 进行了不同浓度（0.03、0.06 和 0.09 毫克/升）的每日剂量测试，用于长期暴露（20 天）的鲤鱼，发现死亡率为 6.5%。鱼类的最高致死浓度 (LC ₅₀ ) (0.61 ± 0.09 mg/L)。毫无疑问，实验室规模的应用已经揭示了对鱼的微小毒性的最佳结果。因此，羊血清应继续大规模合成纳米银。应为AgNPs的合成和应用制定严格的监控体系。