Objective

Early onset of alcohol use is associated with an increased risk of substance use disorders (SUD), but few studies have examined associations with other psychiatric disorders. Our aim was to study the association between the age of first alcohol intoxication (AFI) and the risk of psychiatric disorders in a Finnish general population sample.

Methods

We utilized a prospective, general population-based study, the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. In all, 6,290 15–16-year old adolescents answered questions on AFI and were followed up until the age of 33 years for psychiatric disorders (any psychiatric disorder, psychosis, SUD, mood disorders and anxiety disorders) by using nationwide register linkage data. Cox-regression analysis with Hazard Ratios (HR, with 95% confidence intervals (CI)) was used to assess the risk of psychiatric disorders associated with AFI.

Results

Statistically significant associations were observed between AFI and any psychiatric disorder, psychosis, SUDs, and mood disorders. After adjustments for other substance use, family structure, sex and parental psychiatric disorders, AFIs of 13–14 years and ≤12 years were associated with SUD (HR = 5.30; 95%CI 2.38–11.82 and HR = 6.49; 95%CI 2.51–16.80, respectively), while AFI ≤ 12 years was associated with any psychiatric disorder (HR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.26–2.02) and mood disorders (HR = 1.81; 95%CI 1.22–2.68). After further adjustments for Youth Self Report total scores, AFI ≤ 14 was associated with an increased risk of SUD and AFI ≤ 12 with an increased risk of any psychiatric disorder.

Conclusions

We found significant associations between the early age of first alcohol intoxication, later SUD and any psychiatric disorder in a general population sample. This further supports the need for preventive efforts to postpone the first instances of adolescent alcohol intoxication.

中文翻译：

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青年时期首次酒精中毒和精神疾病的年龄——一项前瞻性出生队列研究

客观的

早期饮酒与物质使用障碍 (SUD) 的风险增加有关，但很少有研究检查与其他精神疾病的关联。我们的目的是研究芬兰一般人群样本中首次酒精中毒 (AFI) 的年龄与精神疾病风险之间的关联。

方法

我们利用了一项前瞻性的、基于一般人群的研究，即 1986 年北芬兰出生队列。总共有 6,290 名 15-16 岁的青少年回答了有关 AFI 的问题，并被随访至 33 岁是否患有精神疾病（任何精神疾病） 、精神病、SUD、情绪障碍和焦虑症）通过使用全国注册链接数据。使用危险比（HR，95% 置信区间 (CI)）的 Cox 回归分析用于评估与 AFI 相关的精神疾病的风险。

结果

在 AFI 与任何精神障碍、精神病、SUD 和情绪障碍之间观察到统计学上显着的关联。在调整其他物质使用、家庭结构、性别和父母的精神疾病后，13-14 岁和≤12 岁的 AFI 与 SUD 相关（HR = 5.30；95%CI 2.38-11.82 和 HR = 6.49；95%CI 2.51 –16.80），而 AFI ≤ 12 岁与任何精神障碍（HR = 1.59；95%CI 1.26–2.02）和情绪障碍（HR = 1.81；95%CI 1.22–2.68）有关。在进一步调整青年自我报告总分后，AFI ≤ 14 与 SUD 风险增加相关，AFI ≤ 12 与任何精神疾病风险增加相关。

结论

在一般人群样本中，我们发现首次酒精中毒的早期年龄、后来的 SUD 与任何精神疾病之间存在显着关联。这进一步支持了预防性努力以推迟青少年酒精中毒的第一次发生的必要性。