Two EGSB (expanded granular sludge bed) reactors (R0 and R1) with 2 g-VSS L⁻¹ anammox sludge were established to intensify specific anammox activity (SAA) and biomass growth under limited inoculum, and in response to a hydraulic strategy. During the start-up period, HRT (hydraulic retention time) was set at 12h in R0, while sharply decreased from 12h to 4h in R1. The sludge characteristics, abundance, and community shifts were also investigated to explore their correlations with SAA enhancement. The results showed that after 120 days, SAA of R1 finally reached 1.6 kg-N kg-VSS⁻¹ per day, which was 1.8- times that of R0. The initial shortened HRT in R1 changed the assembly mode of granulation, and unlike the flocculant sludge in R0, the formation and growth of small granules played a more critical role in improving SAA in R1. Also, the tightly bound layer of extracellular polymeric substances promoted a rapid increase in the proportion of particles larger than 0.6 mm in size, which significantly enhanced SAA. QPCR showed the corresponding abundance of anammox bacteria was gradually saturated to 5.72E+10 copies g-SS⁻¹ when the SAA tended to be stable. While the increase in “saturated abundance” particles (>1.0 mm) speeded up the proliferation of anammox bacteria. The corresponding doubling time was shortened from 36.8–10.0 d in R1, which made up for the disadvantage of the initial biomass loss. The high-throughput analysis revealed Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis was the dominant genus (34.22 %) in R1.

建立了两个带有2 g-VSS L ^-1厌氧氨氧化污泥的EGSB（膨胀的颗粒污泥床）反应器（R0和R1），以在有限的接种量下并响应水力策略，增强了厌氧氨氧化比活性（SAA）和生物量的增长。在启动期间，R0中的HRT（水力停留时间）设置为12h，而R1中的HRT（液压保持时间）从12h急剧降低到4h。还研究了污泥的特性，丰度和群落变化，以探讨它们与SAA增强之间的关系。结果表明，120天后，R1的SAA最终达到1.6 kg-N kg-VSS ^-1每天，是R0的1.8倍。R1中最初缩短的HRT改变了颗粒的组装方式，与R0中的絮凝污泥不同，小颗粒的形成和生长在改善R1中的SAA方面起着更为关键的作用。同样，紧密结合的细胞外聚合物质层促进了尺寸大于0.6毫米的颗粒比例的快速增加，从而显着增强了SAA。QPCR显示相应的厌氧细菌的丰度逐渐饱和至5.72E + 10拷贝g-SS ^-1当SAA趋于稳定时。而“饱和丰度”颗粒（> 1.0 mm）的增加加速了厌氧氨氧化细菌的增殖。R1中相应的倍增时间从36.8–10.0 d缩短，弥补了初始生物量损失的缺点。高通量分析显示，斯图加特犬念珠菌是R1中的主要属（34.22％）。