Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (blackgrass) frequently occurs in Western European cropping systems. It causes high yield losses in winter-cereals and winter-oil-seed rape. Several preventive measures to control blackgrass are available, however long-term studies with combinations of preventive and direct control methods are rare. In this seven-year study at two locations in Germany, three crop rotations with different proportions of winter-annual crops, four herbicide strategies and four tillage measures were combined and their interactions were analyzed. Aim was to investigate the effects on blackgrass densities, crop yields and contribution margins. Densities increased from 14 to 3098 heads m-2 and 201 to 3563 heads m-2 in the rotation containing only winter-annual crops without weed control and reduced tillage. Rotations with spring crops reduced densities by up to 98%. Inversion tillage with a moldboard plough and false seedbed preparation using a harrow (shallow) and a rotary harrow (deep) reduced blackgrass infestations by up to 70% compared to solely reduced conservation tillage with a chisel plough. Blackgrass densities were 23–99% (average 59%) lower, when herbicide Mode of Action (MOA) was rotated in every year compared to herbicide strategy continuously using the same MOA. Grain yield loss in the control plots due to blackgrass competition amounted up to 3.0 t ha-1 (41%). Contribution margins were highest in the cropping systems that combine crop rotation, inversion tillage, false seedbed preparation and herbicide MOA rotation. The results highlight the benefits of integrated weed management in regard to weed control and economic sustainability.

斑鸠草哈德斯 （黑草）经常发生在西欧的种植系统中。它导致冬季谷物和冬季油料油菜的高产损失。目前已有几种预防黑草的预防措施，但是很少结合预防和直接防治方法进行长期研究。在德国的两个地方进行的这项为期七年的研究中，结合了三种不同年度冬季作物比例的轮作，四种除草剂策略和四种耕作措施，并分析了它们之间的相互作用。目的是研究对黑草密度，作物产量和贡献边际的影响。轮作中的密度从14头增加到3098头m-2，从201头增加到3563头m-2，仅包含没有杂草控制和减少耕种的冬季一年生作物。春季作物轮作使密度降低多达98％。与仅使用凿子耕作的保护性耕作相比，使用mold草犁和使用耙（浅）和旋转耙（深）进行假苗床准备的反向耕作可将黑草侵扰减少多达70％。与连续使用相同MOA的除草剂策略相比，每年轮换使用除草剂作用模式（MOA）时，黑草密度降低了23–99％（平均59％）。由于黑草竞争，控制区的谷物产量损失高达3.0 t ha-1（41％）。在结合作物轮作，反耕，假苗床准备和除草剂MOA轮作的种植系统中，边际利润最高。结果突出了杂草综合治理在杂草控制和经济可持续性方面的好处。与仅使用凿子耕作的保护性耕作相比，使用mold草犁和使用耙（浅）和旋转耙（深）进行假苗床准备的反向耕作可将黑草侵扰减少多达70％。与连续使用相同MOA的除草剂策略相比，每年轮换使用除草剂作用模式（MOA）时，黑草密度降低了23–99％（平均59％）。由于黑草竞争，控制区的谷物产量损失高达3.0 t ha-1（41％）。在结合作物轮作，反耕，假苗床准备和除草剂MOA轮作的种植系统中，边际利润最高。结果突出了杂草综合治理在杂草控制和经济可持续性方面的好处。与仅使用凿子耕作的保护性耕作相比，使用mold草犁和使用耙（浅）和旋转耙（深）进行假苗床准备的反向耕作可将黑草侵扰减少多达70％。与连续使用相同MOA的除草剂策略相比，每年轮换使用除草剂作用模式（MOA）时，黑草密度降低了23–99％（平均59％）。由于黑草竞争，控制区的谷物产量损失高达3.0 t ha-1（41％）。在结合作物轮作，反耕，假苗床准备和除草剂MOA轮作的种植系统中，边际利润最高。结果突出了杂草综合治理在杂草控制和经济可持续性方面的好处。