Multiple errors can occur in a use-of-force scenario, although some critical errors involve unintended casualties where the target should never have been fired upon. Training instructors utilize a variety of methods to ensure military and law enforcement personnel do not inflict unintended casualties. However, there is little empirical evidence about the best methods to design a shooting simulation that might evoke these errors, which is critical to ensure the validity of any assessment or training exercise. The current study analyzed performance across a variety of simulated shooting scenarios developed and applied for military training purposes. Several factors were assessed based upon either the scenario or human performance. Scenario type, number of shots fired, and the ratio of hostiles-to-non-hostiles were significant predictors for the likelihood of inflicting an unintended casualty. This collected evidence should help improve scenario design for future training simulations that will help avoid these critical shooting errors.

在使用武力的情况下可能会出现多个错误，尽管一些严重错误会导致意外伤亡，而目标本不应该被击中。培训教官使用多种方法来确保军事和执法人员不会造成意外伤亡。然而，几乎没有关于设计可能引起这些错误的射击模拟的最佳方法的经验证据，这对于确保任何评估或训练练习的有效性至关重要。当前的研究分析了为军事训练目的而开发和应用的各种模拟射击场景的性能。根据场景或人的表现评估了几个因素。场景类型，射击次数，敌对者与非敌对者的比率是造成意外伤亡的可能性的重要预测指标。收集到的证据应该有助于改进未来训练模拟的场景设计，从而有助于避免这些严重的射击错误。