We compared gender dysphoria (GD) patients and their same-sex siblings in terms of their 2D:4D ratios, which may reflect prenatal exposure to androgen, one of the possible etiological mechanisms underlying GD. Sixty-eight GD patients (46 Female-to-Male [FtM]; 22 Male-to-Female [MtF]), 68 siblings (46 sisters of FtMs; 22 brothers of MtFs), and 118 heterosexual controls (62 female; 56 male) were included in the study. FtMs were gynephilic and MtFs were androphilic. We found that 2D:4D ratios in the both right hand (p < .001) and the left hand (p = .003) were lower in male controls than in female controls. Regarding right hands, FtM GD patients had lower 2D:4D ratios than female controls (p < .001) but their ratios did not differ from those of their sisters or male controls. FtM GD patients had no significant difference in their left-hand 2D:4D ratios compared to their sisters or female and male controls. While there was no significant difference in right hands between FtM's sisters and male controls, left-hand 2D:4D ratios were significantly higher in FtM's sisters (p = .017). MtF GD patients had lower right-hand 2D:4D ratios than female controls (p <.001), but their right-hand ratios did not differ from those of their brothers and male controls. There was no significant difference in left-hand 2D:4D ratios between MtF GD patients, and their brothers, or female and male controls. FtM GD patients showed significantly masculinized right-hand 2D:4D ratios, while there was no evidence of feminization in MtF GD patients.

我们比较了性别焦虑 (GD) 患者及其同性兄弟姐妹的 2D:4D 比率，这可能反映了产前暴露于雄激素，这是 GD 的可能病因机制之一。68 名 GD 患者（46 名女性对男性 [FtM]；22 名男性对女性 [MtF]）、68 名兄弟姐妹（46 名 FtM 姐妹；22 名 MtF 兄弟）和 118 名异性恋对照（62 名女性；56男性）被纳入研究。FtMs 是 gynephilic 和 MtFs 是androphilic。我们发现男性对照组的右手 ( p < .001) 和左手 ( p = .003) 的2D:4D 比率低于女性对照组。关于右手，FtM GD 患者的 2D:4D 比率低于女性对照组（p< .001) 但她们的比例与她们的姐妹或男性对照的比例没有差异。FtM GD 患者的左手 2D:4D 比率与其姐妹或女性和男性对照者相比没有显着差异。虽然 FtM 的姐妹和男性对照组的右手没有显着差异，但 FtM 姐妹的左手 2D:4D 比率显着更高 ( p = .017)。MtF GD 患者的右手 2D:4D 比率低于女性对照组（p<.001），但他们的右手比例与他们的兄弟和男性对照的比例没有区别。MtF GD 患者与其兄弟或女性和男性对照之间的左手 2D:4D 比率没有显着差异。FtM GD 患者的右手 2D:4D 比例显示出显着男性化，而 MtF GD 患者没有女性化的证据。