Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) constitutes an unfavorable intrauterine environment for embryonic and feto-placental development. Women with GDM are at higher risk for materno-fetal complications and placental abnormalities. The placenta acts as an interface between the maternal and fetal circulations and also plays an important role in protecting the fetus from adverse effects of maternal metabolic conditions. One of the earliest abnormalities observed in GDM pregnancies is increased oxidative stress in the placenta which affects fetal development. Imbalances in maternal nutrition particularly long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) intake and/or metabolism lead to increased oxidative stress. Reports indicate that oxidative stress and LCPUFA such as docosahexaenoic acid affect the levels of neurotrophins. The present review aims to provide insights into a mechanistic link between oxidative stress, LCPUFA and neurotrophin in the placenta in women with GDM and its implications for neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.

摘要

妊娠期糖尿病 (GDM) 构成了对胚胎和胎儿胎盘发育不利的宫内环境。患有 GDM 的女性发生母胎并发症和胎盘异常的风险更高。胎盘作为母体和胎儿循环之间的界面，在保护胎儿免受母体代谢条件的不利影响方面也发挥着重要作用。在 GDM 妊娠中观察到的最早异常之一是胎盘中的氧化应激增加，这会影响胎儿发育。产妇营养失衡，尤其是长链多不饱和脂肪酸 (LCPUFA) 摄入和/或代谢会导致氧化应激增加。报告表明，氧化应激和二十二碳六烯酸等 LCPUFA 会影响神经营养因子的水平。