Abstract

This study determined the background occurrence, origin, and human health risk of priority mono-aromatics in soil samples around diesel-powered electricity generators from selected land use environments in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected in a 20 ml vial containing 5 ml of methanol and caped with a crimp. The BTEX species were determined with a Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (HS-GCMS). The mean concentration of ƩBTEX ranged from 0.04 to 2.42 mg kg⁻¹ and was considerably higher in 56% of the sites. The individual and ƩBTEX concentrations are within the Ministry Order (MO) intervention threshold and below the Department of Petroleum Resources-Environmental guidelines and standards for the petroleum industry in Nigeria (DPR-EGASPIN) intervention values. The source analysis indicates that BTEX compounds originated from a common source attributed to gasoline-diesel combustion exhaust, storage, other stationary sources, and fuel evaporative losses from fuel service stations around the gasoline/diesel combustion electricity generator. The hazard index for infants' in 66% of the sites was higher than 1, suggesting adverse non-carcinogenic health effects. The cancer ingestion and dermal exposure risk for infants were greater than that of adults. This study has shown that the diesel-powered electricity generator has impacted considerable concentrations of ƩBTEX in the land-use sites. The agency for power and energy should ensure regular public electricity supply, while the use of solar panels as an alternative source of electric energy should be encouraged. Further study on the occurrence of other priority contaminants in indoor and outdoor environments should be determined in the land-use sites.

摘要

本研究确定了尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲选定土地利用环境中柴油发电机周围土壤样品中优先单芳烃的背景发生、来源和人类健康风险。将土壤样品收集在装有 5 ml 甲醇的 20 ml 小瓶中，并用卷边盖住。BTEX 种类用顶空气相色谱-质谱仪 (HS-GCMS) 测定。ƩBTEX 的平均浓度范围为 0.04 至 2.42 mg kg ^-1并且在 56% 的站点中显着更高。个体和 ƩBTEX 浓度在部令 (MO) 干预阈值范围内，低于石油资源部-尼日利亚石油工业环境指南和标准 (DPR-EGASPIN) 干预值。来源分析表明，BTEX 化合物源自一个共同来源，归因于汽油-柴油燃烧废气、储存、其他固定来源以及汽油/柴油燃烧发电机周围的燃料服务站的燃料蒸发损失。66% 的场所的婴儿危害指数高于 1，表明对健康有不利的非致癌性影响。婴儿的癌症摄入和皮肤暴露风险高于成人。这项研究表明，柴油发电机已经影响了土地使用地点中相当大的 ƩBTEX 浓度。电力和能源机构应确保定期公共电力供应，同时应鼓励使用太阳能电池板作为替代电能来源。进一步研究其他优先污染物在室内和室外环境中的发生情况应在土地利用地点确定。