The results of recent theoretical studies of features of superconducting states in hybrid structures whose properties are significantly determined by the spin–orbit effects have been reported. The two main phenomena appearing in such systems in the presence of additional spin splitting caused either by the Zeeman effect in a magnetic field or by the exchange field: (i) the generation of spontaneous currents and (ii) the appearance of topologically nontrivial superconducting phases. It has been shown that the spin–orbit coupling can be a key mechanism that allows implementing new inhomogeneous phase structures, in particular, the so-called “phase batteries.” The effect of geometric factors on the properties of topologically nontrivial superconducting states has been analyzed. New types of topological transitions in vortex states of Majorana wires have been proposed.

近来关于混合结构中超导状态特征的理论研究的结果已有报道，其性质主要由自旋轨道效应决定。由磁场中的塞曼效应或交换场引起的附加自旋分裂会在这种系统中出现两个主要现象：（i）自发电流的产生和（ii）拓扑非平凡超导相的出现。研究表明，自旋-轨道耦合可能是实现新的不均匀相结构的关键机制，特别是所谓的“相电池”。分析了几何因素对拓扑非平凡超导状态性质的影响。