To understand when, how, and why people cheat, the ability to detect cheating in a laboratory setting is crucial. However, commonly used paradigms are confronted with a conflict between allowing participants to believe they can cheat unnoticed and allowing experimenters to detect cheating. This project aimed to develop and establish a new nonverbal task to resolve this conflict. Study 1 and Study 2 developed a new unsolvable paradigm called the Difference Spotting Task. In Study 1, participants were incentivized to indicate whether they found any difference between a pair of pictures without being asked to point the difference(s) out, so they could overreport their performance to earn extra money. Unbeknownst to them, the pairs of pictures from half of the items were identical so that the task could not be solved without cheating. This paradigm allowed experimenters to detect cheating for each unsolvable item. Study 3 examined the validity of the Difference Spotting Task and demonstrated it as a valid tool to assess cheating. The Difference Spotting Task is nonverbal and thus applicable to populations across age, educational level, and culture. In this unsolvable task, participants feel safe in cheating, and experimenters can detect cheating at the item level. The task holds the potential to gain acceptance by many researchers and facilitate the investigation of the underlying processes of cheating behavior.

要了解人们何时、如何以及为何作弊，在实验室环境中检测作弊的能力至关重要。然而，常用范式面临着允许参与者相信他们可以在不被注意的情况下作弊与允许实验者发现作弊之间的冲突。该项目旨在开发和建立一个新的非语言任务来解决这一冲突。研究 1 和研究 2 开发了一种新的无法解决的范式，称为差异发现任务。在研究 1 中，参与者被激励在没有被要求指出差异的情况下指出他们是否发现一对图片之间的任何差异，这样他们就可以高估自己的表现以赚取额外收入。他们不知道的是，一半物品的成对图片完全相同，因此不作弊就无法完成任务。这种范式允许实验者检测每个无法解决的项目的作弊情况。研究 3 检验了差异发现任务的有效性，并证明它是评估作弊的有效工具。差异发现任务是非语言的，因此适用于不同年龄、教育水平和文化的人群。在这个无法解决的任务中，参与者对作弊感到安全，实验者可以在项目级别检测作弊。这项任务有可能获得许多研究人员的认可，并促进对作弊行为的潜在过程的调查。教育水平和文化。在这个无法解决的任务中，参与者对作弊感到安全，实验者可以在项目级别检测作弊。这项任务有可能获得许多研究人员的认可，并促进对作弊行为的潜在过程的调查。教育水平和文化。在这个无法解决的任务中，参与者对作弊感到安全，实验者可以在项目级别检测作弊。该任务有可能获得许多研究人员的认可，并促进对作弊行为的潜在过程的调查。