Abstract

The discourse on migration and poverty has largely shown that international labour migration reduces monetary poverty for the migrant-sending households. With the international consensus that poverty is multidimensional and goes beyond income alone, many studies evaluate the nexus between migration and non-monetary aspects of life, such as education and health. These show mixed evidence. Far fewer studies assess whether suffering from simultaneous deprivations in multiple indicators of well-being is affected by migration—which would be a full multidimensional poverty analysis at the household level. To assess the value-added of the latter, we empirically compare three approaches to measure poverty and the effect of migration on the three. These are (1) a solely monetary approach, (2) a dashboard approach that considers several non-monetary well-being deprivations, and (3) a counting approach that evaluates whether the multiple deprivations manifest themselves jointly. Using household panel data for rural Bangladesh, we assess how the association between international labour migration and poverty among the stay-behind household members changes in light of the three approaches. The endogenous nature of migration in this connection is explicitly addressed by applying a Hausman–Taylor estimation procedure. We corroborate that poverty is related to a lower likelihood of being monetary poor, but we do not find that it is associated with an increased likelihood of exiting multidimensional poverty altogether. However, we do find that it is associated with a lower likelihood of facing simultaneous deprivations in terms of sanitation, electricity, and asset-ownership among those who live in multidimensional poverty.

中文翻译：

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国际劳工移徙与多种形式的贫困

摘要

关于移徙与贫困的论述在很大程度上表明，国际劳工移徙为移徙寄宿家庭减少了货币贫困。在国际社会普遍认为贫困是多方面的并且不仅仅是收入的情况下，许多研究评估了移民与生活的非货币方面（例如教育和健康）之间的联系。这些显示出混杂的证据。很少有研究评估迁移是否会同时影响多个福祉指标中的同时被剥夺的痛苦-这将是家庭层面的全面多维贫困分析。为了评估后者的增值，我们从经验上比较了三种衡量贫困的方法以及移民对这三种方法的影响。这些是（1）一种纯货币方法，（2）仪表板方法考虑了几种非货币性的福祉剥夺，（3）计数方法评估了多种剥夺是否共同体现出来。使用孟加拉国农村地区的家庭面板数据，我们根据三种方法评估了国际劳工移徙与留守家庭成员之间的贫困之间的关系。通过应用Hausman-Taylor估计程序，可以明确解决迁移的内生性。我们证实贫困与货币贫困的可能性降低有关，但我们没有发现贫困与完全摆脱多维贫困的可能性增加相关。然而，