Stoneflies (Plecoptera) are often associated with inhabiting cold perennial streams, but many species also inhabit intermittent streams that experience reduced or lack of flow during summer and autumn. In this study, the influence of stream permanence on stonefly assemblage composition and spatial distribution at Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, USA, was addressed, based on a 14 month sampling regime from the fullest range of stream sizes and habitable flow regions available. Adult stoneflies were collected monthly from 43 sites at the Park plus an additional two sites at the near-adjacent Western Kentucky University Green River Preserve. Collections were done from December 2018–November 2019 using a standard timed protocol with beating sheets for adults and once in December 2019–January 2020 for larvae. Stream sites were assigned one of five category types: perennial spring runs, perennial spring seeps, upland perennial streams, perennial riverine and summer dry runs. In total, 34 species were collected. The most prominent difference in stonefly community structure was between spring runs, spring seeps and summer dry streams vs. upland perennial streams. Approximately 88% of species collected had univoltine-fast life cycles and 79% likely had an extended period of egg or larval diapause. Due to the predominance of small upland perennial and summer dry streams, species commonly typically found in larger lotic systems are fundamentally filtered out of the region due to the lack of available habitats. Species able to survive in intermittent habitats do so by life history adaptations including to survive desiccation as larvae or eggs.

中文翻译：

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溪流持久性对美国肯塔基州猛犸洞国家公园石蝇（昆虫纲、翼翅目）群落结构的影响


石蝇（Plecoptera）通常与栖息在寒冷的常年溪流中有关，但许多物种也栖息在夏季和秋季流量减少或缺乏的间歇性溪流中。在这项研究中，基于对最全面的溪流尺寸和可居住流动区域的 14 个月采样制度，探讨了美国肯塔基州猛犸洞国家公园的溪流永久性对石蝇群落组成和空间分布的影响。每月从公园的 43 个地点以及附近的西肯塔基大学绿河保护区的另外两个地点收集成年石蝇。收集工作于 2018 年 12 月至 2019 年 11 月期间进行，采用标准定时方案，对成虫使用拍打板，对幼虫则在 2019 年 12 月至 2020 年 1 月进行一次。溪流地点被指定为五种类型之一：常年春流、常年泉渗流、高地常年溪流、常年河流和夏季干流。总共收集了34种。石蝇群落结构最显着的差异是春季溪流、春季渗透和夏季干涸溪流与高地常年溪流之间的差异。大约 88% 的收集物种具有单化快速生命周期，79% 的物种可能具有较长的卵或幼虫滞育期。由于小型高地常年溪流和夏季干流占主导地位，通常在较大的水流系统中发现的物种由于缺乏可用的栖息地而从根本上被过滤出该地区。能够在间歇性栖息地中生存的物种是通过生活史适应来实现的，包括在幼虫或卵时经历干燥。