Purpose

Methods to assess the authenticity and traceability of wines have been extensively studied as enhancers of food quality, allowing producers to obtain market recognition and premium prices. Among analytical techniques, the volatilome profile attained by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is acquiring more and more attention by the scientific community, together with the use of chemometrics

Design/methodology/approach

The volatilome profile of three varieties of blanc wines from the Collio area (namely Ribolla Gialla, Malvasia and Friulano) between Italy and Slovenia, was determined by head space-solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, enhancing the carbonyl compounds identification with O-(2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine with the aim of identifying the autochthonous Friulano variety.

Findings

A two-step chemometric approach based on an unsupervised technique (PCA) followed by a supervised one (PLS-DA) allowed to identify possible markers for discriminating the Friulano Collio variety from the others, in particular two chemical classes were identified by PCA (ketones and long chain esters). PLS-DA showed 87% accuracy in classification. A correct classification (i.e. non-Friulano Collio) of a group of wines obtained from the same grape variety but produced in an extra-Collio area was obtained as well. The results confirmed the benefits of using a derivatization step prior to volatile organic compounds analysis.

Research limitations/implications

Among methods to assess the authenticity and traceability of wines, volatilome profile of wines determined by head space-solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, enhanced by the carbonyl compound identifications with O-(2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine, may have a key role in conjunction with chemometrics and, in particular with principal component analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis.

Practical implications

Among methods to assess the authenticity and traceability of Friulano wine, volatilome profile of wines determined by head space-solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, enhanced by the carbonyl compound identifications with O-(2, 3, 4, 5, 6-Pentafluorobenzyl)Hydroxylamine hydrochloride, may have a key role in conjunction with chemometrics.

Originality/value

Few works investigated both wine traceability with a volatilome enhancer and chemometrics of the Friulano wine variety obtaining such an improvement in this wine variety discrimination.

中文翻译：

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HS-SPME-GC-MS对科利奥（意大利-斯洛文尼亚）的弗留兰诺酒进行衍生化的挥发性有机化合物表征，并通过化学计量学与其他品种进行区分

目的

评估葡萄酒真实性和可追溯性的方法已作为食品质量增强剂得到了广泛研究，使生产商能够获得市场认可和高价。在分析技术中，气相色谱与质谱联用获得的挥发物谱正越来越受到科学界的关注，同时也使用了化学计量学。

设计/方法/方法

通过顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定了意大利和斯洛文尼亚之间来自科利奥产区的三种白葡萄酒（即Ribolla Gialla，Malvasia和Friulano）的挥发度谱，通过顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用，通过O-（2,3,4,5,6-五氟苄基）-羟胺，旨在鉴定自发性Friulano品种。

发现

基于无监督技术（PCA）的两步化学计量学方法，然后是受监督的化学计量学方法（PLS-DA），可以确定可能的标志物，以区分Friulano Collio品种与其他品种，特别是PCA鉴定了两种化学类别（酮和长链酯）。PLS-DA分类准确率达87％。还获得了从同一葡萄品种但在科里奥以外地区生产的一组葡萄酒的正确分类（即非弗留拉诺·科利奥）。结果证实了在挥发性有机化合物分析之前使用衍生化步骤的好处。

研究局限/意义

在评估葡萄酒真实性和可追溯性的方法中，通过顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定葡萄酒的挥发度谱，并通过O-（2，3，4，5，6的羰基化合物鉴定来增强-五氟苄基）-羟胺在化学计量学中，尤其是在主成分分析和偏最小二乘判别分析中可能起关键作用。

实际影响

在评估Friulano葡萄酒的真实性和可追溯性的方法中，通过顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定葡萄酒的挥发度谱，并通过O-（2，3，4，5， 6-五氟苄基）羟胺盐酸盐在化学计量学中可能起关键作用。

创意/价值

很少有研究对使用伏拉通增强剂的葡萄酒溯源性和Friulano葡萄酒品种的化学计量学进行研究，从而获得了这种葡萄酒品种鉴别方面的改进。