Abstract

The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of COVID-19 measures on air quality in Turkey. For this investigation, a daily mean of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, NO₂, CO, O_3, and SO₂ air pollutant data, provided from the measurement stations run by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation and the Istanbul and Izmir Metropolitan Municipalities were used. The R program, an open-code statistics program, was used to generate associated distribution maps using the data obtained. Data for 29 metropolitan cities and the province of Zonguldak, where the pandemic measures were first implemented, were examined for air quality changes. In evaluating whether the COVID-19 measures have had an impact on the air quality of the 30 given cities, two time periods were selected: a period before the COVID-19 measures were implemented (between January 1 and March 15) and the period in which the measures were in force (between March 16 and April 15). In order to take the effects of seasonal conditions on air quality based on the 2020 post-epidemic data into account, the average data from 2018 and 2019 were also compared. This study finds that the restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic period in the 30 major cities, in which most of the Turkish population lives, significantly improved the air quality. Assuming that some of the measures taken during the pandemic period will become permanent over time (such as the increase in home working, the decrease in air travel thanks to online meetings, the widespread use of distance education, the change in consumption habits and a reduction of waste), the epidemic period is thought to represent a turning point in increasing global air quality.

摘要

本研究的主要目的是确定 COVID-19 措施对土耳其空气质量的影响。_{对于本次调查，PM 10}、PM _2.5、NO ₂、CO、O ₃和 SO ₂的每日平均值空气污染物数据由环境和城市化部以及伊斯坦布尔和伊兹密尔大都市管理的测量站提供。R 程序是一个开放代码统计程序，用于使用获得的数据生成相关的分布图。对首次实施大流行措施的 29 个大城市和宗古尔达克省的数据进行了空气质量变化检查。在评估 COVID-19 措施是否对 30 个给定城市的空气质量产生影响时，选择了两个时间段：实施 COVID-19 措施之前的时期（1 月 1 日至 3 月 15 日）和措施生效（3 月 16 日至 4 月 15 日）。为了根据 2020 年的疫情后数据考虑季节条件对空气质量的影响，还比较了 2018 年和 2019 年的平均数据。这项研究发现，在 COVID-19 大流行期间对土耳其大部分人口居住的 30 个主要城市实施的限制显着改善了空气质量。假设在大流行期间采取的一些措施将随着时间的推移变得永久（例如在家工作的增加，由于在线会议而减少的航空旅行，远程教育的广泛使用，消费习惯的改变和减少废物），流行期被认为是全球空气质量提高的转折点。这项研究发现，在 COVID-19 大流行期间对土耳其大部分人口居住的 30 个主要城市实施的限制显着改善了空气质量。假设在大流行期间采取的一些措施将随着时间的推移变得永久（例如在家工作的增加，由于在线会议而减少的航空旅行，远程教育的广泛使用，消费习惯的改变和减少废物），流行期被认为是全球空气质量提高的转折点。这项研究发现，在 COVID-19 大流行期间对土耳其大部分人口居住的 30 个主要城市实施的限制显着改善了空气质量。假设在大流行期间采取的一些措施将随着时间的推移变得永久（例如在家工作的增加，由于在线会议而减少的航空旅行，远程教育的广泛使用，消费习惯的改变和减少废物），流行期被认为是全球空气质量提高的转折点。