ABSTRACT

Large amounts of waste are produced daily by several industrial branches in Brazil, many of which can be used in agriculture. Applying nutrient-containing waste onto soil might minimize dependence on chemical mineral fertilizers, contributing to sustainable agriculture. Some of this waste increases soil pH, similar or even superior to that of limestone, providing opportunities for use in acidic soils. Different industrial waste may have elements that alter the electric charge of clay surfaces, which may alter soil physical characteristics related to dispersion and flocculation and consequently soil aggregation. Therefore, the presence of sodium may cause the dispersion of clays and calcium-containing waste, as its components may improve aggregation. The application of industrial waste can add heavy metals to the soil and, consequently, environmental problems if performed without strict regulations. Brazil has large industrial and agricultural areas, to which waste can be applied to supply part or all of the nutritional plant demand. To be recommended as economically effective and environmentally safe, a thorough waste analysis, chemical characterization of the soil, and knowledge of the nutritional requirements of the crop to be grown are required.

摘要

巴西的几个工业部门每天都会产生大量废物，其中许多可用于农业。将含有营养的废物施用于土壤可能会最大限度地减少对化学矿物肥料的依赖，从而促进可持续农业。其中一些废物会增加土壤 pH 值，与石灰石相似甚至优于石灰石，为在酸性土壤中使用提供了机会。不同的工业废物可能含有改变粘土表面电荷的元素，这可能会改变与分散和絮凝相关的土壤物理特性，从而改变土壤聚集。因此，钠的存在可能导致粘土和含钙废物的分散，因为其成分可能会改善聚集。工业废物的应用会向土壤中添加重金属，因此，如果在没有严格规定的情况下执行，就会出现环境问题。巴西拥有广阔的工业和农业区，可以利用废物来满足部分或全部营养植物需求。要被推荐为经济有效且环境安全，需要进行彻底的废物分析、土壤的化学表征以及对待种植作物的营养需求的了解。