The Gravettian site Krems-Wachtberg in northeast Austria produced a wealth of archaeological and sedimentary data. Precondition for a detailed study of the formation processes is co-occurrence of find layers with in situ and redeposited material. We use archaeological data and sediment parameters to review and refine a formation model that was based solely on field observations. The archaeological perspective relies upon the rich chipped stone assemblage where each artefact is attributed with 3D position, orientation, stratigraphy, typo-technological description, and raw material determination. This enabled systematic refitting and 3D analyses of the results. High-resolution sampling of the sediment sequence which was conducted in six columns at different locations of the excavated area provided comparable results for grain size, colour and carbonate content. The study illustrates the complementary benefits of field observations, archaeological data and sediment parameters. While detailed loess stratigraphy creates the frame for understanding palaeoenvironmental processes, archaeological data enhances visibility of local post-occupational sedimentary processes. This allows the archaeological sequence to be placed into a cycle of gradual de- and restabilisation of the palaeosurface. Burial of the ~31k cal abp occupation layer occurred by solifluction, slope wash and aeolian deposition between two stable phases marked by tundra gley soils.

中文翻译：

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使用考古数据和沉积物参数来回顾克雷姆斯-瓦赫特贝格 Gravettian 层的形成

位于奥地利东北部的 Gravettian 遗址 Krems-Wachtberg 产生了丰富的考古和沉积数据。详细研究形成过程的先决条件是发现层与原位和重新存放的材料。我们使用考古数据和沉积物参数来审查和完善仅基于实地观察的地层模型。考古视角依赖于丰富的碎石组合，其中每个人工制品都具有 3D 位置、方向、地层、印刷技术描述和原材料确定。这使得能够对结果进行系统的改装和 3D 分析。在挖掘区域不同位置的六列沉积物序列的高分辨率采样提供了可比的粒度、颜色和碳酸盐含量的结果。该研究说明了实地观察、考古数据和沉积物参数的互补优势。虽然详细的黄土地层为了解古环境过程创造了框架，但考古数据提高了当地后职业沉积过程的可见性。这允许考古序列被置于古地表逐渐去稳定和重新稳定的循环中。埋葬 ~31k cal abp占据层发生在以苔原泥土为标志的两个稳定相之间的溶流、斜坡冲刷和风积沉积。