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Optimizing Precipitation Forecasts for Hydrological Catchments in Ethiopia Using Statistical Bias Correction and Multi-Modeling
Earth and Space Science ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 , DOI: 10.1029/2019ea000933
Sippora Stellingwerf 1 , Emily Riddle 2 , Thomas M. Hopson 2 , Jason C. Knievel 2 , Barbara Brown 2 , Mekonnen Gebremichael 3
Affiliation  

Accurate rainfall forecasts on timescales ranging from a few hours to several weeks are needed for many hydrological applications. This study examines bias, skill and reliability of four ensemble forecast systems (from Canada, UK, Europe, and the United States) and a multi-model ensemble as applied to Ethiopian catchments. By verifying these forecasts on hydrological catchments, we focus on spatial scales that are relevant to many actual water forecasting applications, such as flood forecasting and reservoir optimization. By most verification metrics tested, the bias corrected European model is the best individual model at predicting daily rainfall variations, while the Canadian model shows the most realistic ensemble spread and thus the most reliable forecast probabilities, including those of extreme events. The skill of the multi-model ensemble outperforms individual models by most metrics, and is skillful up to 9 days ahead. Skill is higher for the 0–5 day model accumulation than for the first 24 h, suggesting that timing errors strongly penalize the skill of forecasts with shorter accumulation periods. Due to seasonality in the model biases, bias correction is best applied to each month individually. Forecasting extreme rainfall is a challenge for Ethiopia, especially over mountainous regions where positive skill is only reached after bias correction. Compared to individual models, the multi-model ensemble has a higher probability of detecting extreme rainfall and a lower false alarm rate, with usable skill at 24 h lead times.

中文翻译:

使用统计偏差校正和多重建模优化埃塞俄比亚水文流域的降水预报

许多水文应用需要在几个小时到几周的时间尺度上进行准确的降雨预报。本研究考察了四个集合预报系统(来自加拿大、英国、欧洲和美国)和一个应用于埃塞俄比亚流域的多模式集合的偏差、技巧和可靠性。通过验证这些对水文流域的预测,我们关注与许多实际水预测应用相关的空间尺度,例如洪水预测和水库优化。通过测试的大多数验证指标,偏差校正的欧洲模型是预测每日降雨量变化的最佳个体模型,而加拿大模型显示了最真实的集合分布,因此是最可靠的预测概率,包括极端事件的概率。多模型集成的技能在大多数指标上都优于单个模型,并且最多可提前 9 天。0-5 天模型积累的技能比前 24 小时的技能高,这表明时间错误严重影响了积累期较短的预测技能。由于模型偏差的季节性,偏差校正最好单独应用于每个月。预测极端降雨对埃塞俄比亚来说是一个挑战,特别是在山区,只有在偏差修正后才能达到积极的技能。与单个模型相比,多模型集合具有更高的检测极端降雨的概率和更低的误报率,在 24 小时的提前期具有可用的技能。0-5 天模型积累的技能比前 24 小时的技能高,这表明时间错误严重影响了积累期较短的预测技能。由于模型偏差的季节性,偏差校正最好单独应用于每个月。预测极端降雨对埃塞俄比亚来说是一个挑战,特别是在山区,只有在偏差修正后才能达到积极的技能。与单个模型相比,多模型集合具有更高的检测极端降雨的概率和更低的误报率,在 24 小时的提前期具有可用的技能。0-5 天模型积累的技能比前 24 小时的技能高,这表明时间错误严重影响了积累期较短的预测技能。由于模型偏差的季节性,最好对每个月单独应用偏差校正。预测极端降雨对埃塞俄比亚来说是一个挑战,特别是在山区,只有在偏差修正后才能达到积极的技能。与单个模型相比,多模型集合具有更高的检测极端降雨的概率和更低的误报率,在 24 小时的提前期具有可用的技能。预测极端降雨对埃塞俄比亚来说是一个挑战,特别是在山区,只有在偏差修正后才能达到积极的技能。与单个模型相比,多模型集合具有更高的检测极端降雨的概率和更低的误报率,在 24 小时的提前期具有可用的技能。预测极端降雨对埃塞俄比亚来说是一个挑战,特别是在山区,只有在偏差修正后才能达到积极的技能。与单个模型相比,多模型集合具有更高的检测极端降雨的概率和更低的误报率,在 24 小时的提前期具有可用的技能。
更新日期:2021-03-09
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