Objective

Dual-process models of substance use (Wiers et al., 2007) propose that whether automatic processes (i.e., implicit attitudes) influence use depends on self-regulation, such that an individual is more likely to act in accordance with automatically activated implicit attitudes when there is limited capacity for self-regulation (a two-way interaction). In this model, the relevance of self-regulation likely depends on whether an individual recognizes reasons or the need to inhibit substance use. The current study tested a three-way interaction between implicit cannabis attitudes, self-regulation, and negative expectancies to prospectively predict adolescent cannabis use.

Method

A community sample of late adolescents (N = 246; M age = 19.02) were assessed across two annual time points. Negative binomial regressions predicting adolescent cannabis use were estimated to test the proposed interaction using two indictors of self-regulation (effortful control and working memory) above and beyond prior cannabis use and demographic covariates.

Results

There was support for a three-way interaction with effortful control, but not working memory. As hypothesized, implicit cannabis attitudes were positively associated with cannabis use for adolescents with low levels of negative expectancies and low levels of effortful control.

Conclusion

Findings suggest expecting negative outcomes of cannabis use is germane to dual process interactions between controlled and automatic processes. How to best operationalize self-regulation is an important consideration for future work.

中文翻译：

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通过自我调节，负面预期结果和隐性大麻态度之间的前瞻性三方相互作用，测试青少年大麻使用的双重过程模型

客观的

物质使用的双过程模型（Wiers等人，2007）提出，自动过程（即内隐态度）是否影响使用取决于自我调节，因此个人更有可能按照自动激活的内隐态度行事。当自我调节能力有限时（双向互动）。在此模型中，自我调节的相关性可能取决于个人是否认识到原因或需要抑制物质使用。当前的研究测试了隐性大麻态度，自我调节和负面预期之间的三向交互作用，以前瞻性地预测青少年大麻的使用。

方法

在两个年度时间点评估了晚期青少年的社区样本（N = 246； M年龄= 19.02）。预测青春期大麻使用的负二项式回归被估计为使用超过先前大麻使用和人口统计学协变量的两个自我调节指标（有效控制和工作记忆）来检验提议的相互作用。

结果

支持通过省力的控制进行三向交互，但不支持工作记忆。如所假设的，对于那些期望值低且努力控制水平低的青少年，内隐的大麻态度与大麻使用呈正相关。

结论

研究结果表明，预期大麻使用的负面结果与受控过程和自动过程之间的双重过程相互作用密切相关。如何以最佳方式实施自我调节是未来工作的重要考虑因素。