Mixed cropping may lead to complementary utilization of resources, but the plant-plant interactions are very complex and also dependent on agronomic practices, such as phosphorus (P) supply. In order to evaluate to what extent mixed cropping with legumes benefits plant P nutrition in dependence of P availability, experiments are required with a wide range of P supply. The objective of this study was to assess the P nutrition of sole cropped cereals and cereal-legume mixtures as affected by inorganic and organic P fertilizers in single and combined applications. Maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in sole cropping and combined with runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) and lupine (Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus mutabilis) were cultivated in three consecutive years from 2013 to 2015 on plots of a long-term field experiment established in 1998 with nine P fertilizer treatments. Crop biomass yields and nutrient uptakes were analyzed as well as chemical and biological soil properties. On average over the three experimental years and all fertilizer treatments the highest yields were measured for maize in sole cropping (14.9 Mg ha⁻¹) followed by maize + bean (13.8 Mg ha⁻¹), sorghum (10.9 Mg ha⁻¹), and sorghum + lupine (9.75 Mg ha⁻¹)(p < 0.001). Advantages of mixed cropping were preferentially found under P deficiency in the treatment without P supply. Here the yields and P uptakes of the mixtures were comparable or even higher than maize or sorghum cultivated alone. The contribution of legume biomass to the total biomass of the mixtures was generally less than 10 %. Lowest activities of enzymes in the soil were found for maize. When maize was combined with bean the activities of acid phosphatase as well as the microbial activity in soil (measured as activity of dehydrogenase) increased, which may result in an increased P utilization of organic P compounds in soil. The results of this study showed, that the performance of cereal-legumes mixtures can be independent of external P supply and that they are an asset mainly under suboptimal conditions of P shortage.

混合种植可能导致资源的互补利用，但是植物与植物之间的相互作用非常复杂，并且还取决于农艺实践，例如磷（P）的供应。为了评估豆类作物的混合种植在多大程度上取决于磷的可利用性，对植物的磷营养有益，需要对磷的供应范围进行广泛的试验。这项研究的目的是评估单一和组合施用时受无机和有机磷肥影响的唯一作物谷物和谷物-豆类混合物的磷营养。单独种植玉米（Zea mays）和高粱（Sorghum bicolor），并与红花菜豆（Phaseolus coccineus）和羽扇豆（Lupinus angustifolius，Lupinus mutabilis）结合使用。）于2013年至2015年连续三年在1998年建立的长期田间试验的地块上进行耕种，共进行了9种磷肥处理。分析了作物生物量的产量和养分吸收以及化学和生物土壤特性。在三个实验年和所有肥料处理中，平均而言，单季种植的玉米单产最高（14.9 Mg ha ^-1），其次是玉米+豆类（13.8 Mg ha ^-1），高粱（10.9 Mg ha ^-1），和高粱+羽扇豆（9.75 Mg ha ^-1）（p <0.001）。在无磷供应的处理中，在缺磷的情况下优先发现了混合作物的优势。在这里，混合物的产量和磷吸收量与单独种植的玉米或高粱相当或什至更高。豆类生物质对混合物的总生物质的贡献通常小于10％。发现玉米中土壤中酶的最低活性。当玉米与豆类结合使用时，酸性磷酸酶的活性以及土壤中的微生物活性（以脱氢酶活性衡量）增加，这可能导致土壤中有机P化合物对P的利用增加。这项研究的结果表明，谷物-豆类混合物的性能可以独立于外部磷的供应，并且它们主要是在磷短缺的次优条件下的资产。