Background

Transportation policies and projects have multiple impacts on health. Research on these impacts can help promote positive and reduce adverse health consequences of decisions made by transportation agencies.

Methods

In 2019 the U.S. National Cooperative Highway Research Program published a research roadmap for transportation and public health based on an extensive literature search and key informant interviews. The roadmap identified 44 research gaps and 122 research needs on a wide range of relevant topics. From this list, using pre-established criteria including specificity, equity, potential impact, and long-term usefulness, we selected 20 topics suitable for further research especially in academic settings.

Results

We present the questions, context, and possible research approach for each of the 20 topics. These topics cover issues ranging from integrating equity into performance measures and developing forecasting models for active travel to incorporating health questions into routine household travel surveys and examining health impacts of autonomous vehicles. We added questions on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on transportation.

Discussion

This list will be useful to faculty, researchers, and students as they consider topics for research in transportation and public health. Results of research on these topics could influence transportation decisions in policy making, planning and community participation, capital programming, project design, and implementation. Future leaders of transportation agencies, transportation providers, and advocacy organizations may be more likely to consider transportation policies that incorporate a health perspective if their training includes research findings that increase their awareness of the health impacts of these policies.

中文翻译：

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推进交通运输与公共卫生研究：从美国研究路线图中选择的二十个项目构想

背景

运输政策和项目对健康有多重影响。对这些影响的研究可以帮助促进积极的影响并减少运输机构做出的决定对健康造成的不利影响。

方法

2019年，美国国家合作高速公路研究计划在广泛的文献搜索和关键知情人访谈的基础上，发布了运输和公共卫生研究路线图。该路线图确定了44项研究差距和122项关于广泛相关主题的研究需求。从这份清单中，我们使用预先建立的标准（包括特异性，公平性，潜在影响和长期实用性），选择了20个适合进一步研究的主题，尤其是在学术环境中。

结果

我们针对20个主题中的每一个都提出了问题，背景和可能的研究方法。这些主题涉及的问题包括：将公平性纳入绩效指标，为主动出行开发预测模型，将健康问题纳入日常家庭出行调查以及检查自动驾驶汽车的健康影响。我们添加了有关COVID-19大流行对运输的影响的问题。

讨论

该清单对于教职人员，研究人员和学生在考虑运输和公共卫生研究主题时将很有用。这些主题的研究结果可能会影响决策，规划和社区参与，资本规划，项目设计和实施中的运输决策。如果运输机构，运输提供者和倡导组织的未来领导者接受的培训包括提高他们对这些政策对健康影响的认识的研究结果，则他们更有可能考虑纳入健康观点的运输政策。