The development of draw compounds for forward osmosis (FO) has been an active area of research. While a few studies have considered draw solutes for FO desalination, these are rarely presented with consistent units for objective performance comparison. To rectify this lack of knowledge, this study objectively compares draw solutes using a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) across a range of physicochemical properties (in consistent units), along with their flux performance when integrated with FO membranes. This analysis reveals that Ionic liquids (IL) have favorable physicochemical characteristics and generally higher flux performance in both nonresponsive and thermally responsive draw solute classes. In particular, magnesium chloride was found to be the optimal non-responsive draw solute. In addition, a diammonium cation-based iodide salt and an oligomer of choline chloride and an itaconic acid mixture were found to achieve the highest water flux of ~15LMH when treating seawater level salinity solutions within thermally responsive draw compounds. The MCA also revealed that hydrogels—particularly those based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)—are promising because they have the best dewatering capability but suffers from low water flux. Overall, we conclude that IL draw solutions and PNIPAM-based hydrogels represent some of the most promising FO draw compounds for future research.

用于正向渗透（FO）的牵引剂的开发一直是研究的活跃领域。尽管一些研究已经考虑了用于FO脱盐的溶质，但很少将其与一致的单位进行客观性能比较。为了纠正这种知识的不足，本研究使用多标准分析（MCA）在一系列理化特性（以一致的单位）中以及与FO膜集成时的通量性能之间进行了客观比较，比较了萃取溶质。该分析表明，离子液体（IL）具有良好的理化特性，并且在无响应和热响应型溶剂溶质类别中均具有较高的通量性能。特别地，发现氯化镁是最佳的非响应性汲取溶质。此外，当在热响应性引出料中处理海水盐度溶液时，发现基于二铵阳离子的碘化物盐，氯化胆碱和衣康酸混合物的低聚物可达到约15LMH的最高水通量。MCA还揭示了水凝胶，尤其是基于聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPAM）的水凝胶，因为它们具有最佳的脱水能力，但水通量较低，因此很有希望。总的来说，我们得出的结论是，IL吸收溶液和基于PNIPAM的水凝胶代表了未来研究中最有希望的FO吸收化合物。MCA还揭示了水凝胶，尤其是基于聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPAM）的水凝胶，因为它们具有最佳的脱水能力，但水通量较低，因此很有希望。总的来说，我们得出的结论是，IL吸收溶液和基于PNIPAM的水凝胶代表了未来研究中最有希望的FO吸收化合物。MCA还揭示了水凝胶，尤其是基于聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPAM）的水凝胶，因为它们具有最佳的脱水能力，但水通量较低，因此很有希望。总的来说，我们得出的结论是，IL吸收溶液和基于PNIPAM的水凝胶代表了未来研究中最有希望的FO吸收化合物。