Forward modeling of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data is important for understanding relationships between dielectric layers. For the inversion of GPR data, an effective and advanced forward modeling scheme is always desirable. Here, staggered grid formulations for the finite difference frequency domain (FDFD) method have been developed and modified for the forward modeling of GPR data. The forward problem is first solved using a nine-point regular staggered grid that basically approximates and discretizes the Laplacian operator. In the case of transverse electric mode FDFD method, the implementation of a perfectly matched layer (PML) has been shown to be effective. Among the several PML techniques, the complex frequency shifted perfectly matched layer method has proven to be most useful for absorbing evanescent waves. In this paper, a new and improved nine-point mixed staggered grid formulation is proposed by considering the combination of a five-point Cartesian and nine-point rotated staggered grid. The derived stencils are compared after estimating the reflection errors from the computed simulated wavefields (\({E}_{y}\)) of the homogeneous subsurface model. This newly developed technique exhibits less error than the regular and unstaggered mixed stencils. Lastly, this better and less-time consuming grid is used to extract GPR data from realistic sedimentary models with a surface acquisition setup.

探地雷达（GPR）数据的正向建模对于理解介电层之间的关系很重要。对于GPR数据的反演，始终需要一种有效且高级的正向建模方案。在此，已经开发并修改了用于有限差分频域（FDFD）方法的交错网格公式，以对GPR数据进行正向建模。首先使用九点规则交错网格解决正向问题，该网格基本逼近并离散化Laplacian算子。在横向电模式FDFD方法的情况下，完美匹配层（PML）的实现已被证明是有效的。在几种PML技术中，事实证明，复频移完美匹配层方法对于吸收e逝波最有用。在本文中，通过考虑五点笛卡尔和九点旋转交错网格的组合，提出了一种新的改进的九点混合交错网格公式。在从计算出的模拟波场估计反射误差之后，对导出的模板进行比较（\（{E} _ {y} \））。这种新开发的技术比常规和无交错的混合模板显示出更少的错误。最后，该更好且耗时更少的网格用于通过地表采集设置从现实的沉积模型中提取GPR数据。