During the service period of ancient building structures, due to the cumulative development of local damage to load-bearing members such as columns, the structural strength and stiffness will decrease, which may lead to catastrophic accidents. The traditional damage recognition method based on modal parameters is sometimes not effective. In this study, the vibration analysis combined with the relative dynamic method is used to analyze the damage of the wooden columns of the ancient building. The dynamic damage identification experiment was performed on a single wooden column. The effects of compressing the wooden column, crack length, and application of axial pressure on the natural frequency of the wood column were explored. The natural frequency of the wood column was determined by data acquisition and signal processing (DASP) software, and the damage of the component was evaluated by analyzing the change in the natural frequency obtained under different states. Results of the relative dynamic method showed that the damages can be evaluated by observing the change in the natural frequency. However, determining the damage position and the damage form was impossible. Then the mode shapes at different frequencies were obtained by processing the time domain signal, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) calculation, and simultaneously using the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA). It is able to detect the damage of the ancient building components without damage, adding experiments to verify it, and enriching the application of the relative dynamic method theory. According to the variation law of the vibration mode animation, the location of the crack is generally concluded.

古建筑结构在服役期间，由于柱等承重构件局部损伤的累积发展，结构强度和刚度会下降，可能导致灾难性事故。传统的基于模态参数的损伤识别方法有时效果不佳。本研究采用振动分析结合相对动力法对古建筑木柱的损伤进行分析。在单个木柱上进行动态损伤识别实验。探讨了压缩木柱、裂缝长度和施加轴向压力对木柱自然频率的影响。木柱的固有频率由数据采集和信号处理（DASP）软件确定，并通过分析不同状态下获得的固有频率的变化来评估构件的损伤。相对动力法的结果表明，可以通过观察固有频率的变化来评估损伤。但是，无法确定损坏位置和损坏形式。然后通过对时域信号进行处理、快速傅里叶变换（FFT）计算，同时使用本征系统实现算法（ERA），得到不同频率的振型。能够无损检测古建筑构件的损坏情况，并增加实验验证，丰富了相关动力法理论的应用。根据振动模态动画的变化规律，大致推断出裂纹的位置。