The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the principal vector of medically-important infectious viruses that cause severe illness such as dengue fever, yellow fever and Zika. The transmission potential of mosquitoes for these arboviruses is largely shaped by their life history traits, such as size, survival and fecundity. These life history traits, to some degree, depend on environmental conditions, such as larval and adult nutrition (e.g., nectar availability). Both these types of nutrition are known to affect the energetic reserves and life history traits of adults, but whether and how nutrition obtained during larval and adult stages have an interactive influence on mosquito life history traits remains largely unknown. Here, we experimentally manipulated mosquito diets to create two nutritional levels at larval and adult stages, that is, a high or low amount of larval food (HL or LL) during larval stage, and a good and poor adult food (GA or PA, represents normal or weak concentration of sucrose) during adult stage. We then compared the size, survival and fecundity of female mosquitoes reared from these nutritional regimes. We found that larval and adult nutrition affected size and survival, respectively, without interactions, while both larval and adult nutrition influenced fecundity. There was a positive relationship between fecundity and size. In addition, this positive relationship was not affected by nutrition. These findings highlight how larval and adult nutrition differentially influence female mosquito life history traits, suggesting that studies evaluating nutritional effects on vectorial capacity traits should account for environmental variation across life stages.

中文翻译：

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幼虫和成人营养对黄热蚊，雌性伊蚊的存活，繁殖力和大小的影响

黄热病蚊，埃及伊蚊，是引起登革热，黄热和寨卡病毒等严重疾病的医学上重要传染性病毒的主要载体。蚊子对这些虫媒病毒的传播潜力在很大程度上取决于它们的生活史特征，例如大小，存活率和繁殖力。这些生活史特征在某种程度上取决于环境条件，例如幼虫和成人营养（例如，花蜜的可利用性）。众所周知，这两种类型的营养都会影响成年人的能量储备和生活史特征，但是，在幼虫和成年阶段所获得的营养是否以及如何对蚊子的生活史特征产生交互影响仍然未知。在这里，我们通过实验方法控制了蚊子的饮食，以在幼虫和成年阶段创造两种营养水平，即 在成虫期，幼虫食物的含量高或低（HL或LL），以及成年期的成年食品的好坏（GA或PA，代表蔗糖的浓度正常或弱）。然后，我们比较了通过这些营养方式饲养的雌性蚊子的大小，存活率和繁殖力。我们发现，幼虫和成年营养分别影响大小和存活，没有相互作用，而幼虫和成年营养均影响繁殖力。生殖力和体型之间存在正相关关系。此外，这种积极的关系不受营养的影响。这些发现突显了幼虫和成年营养如何差异地影响雌性蚊子的生活史特征，这表明评估营养对矢量能力特征的影响的研究应说明整个生命阶段的环境差异。