This article represents the current state of the art in analyzing gas flaring (GF) from space. GF is a prominent source of air pollution, with significant global and local impacts. Its emissions contribute to climate change and air pollution, and its practice is a waste of a valuable energy source. A key barrier in evaluating the status of this phenomenon is the incomplete and inconsistent availability (or lack) of public information. In the last few decades, satellite-based methodologies have shown considerable potential for bridging this gap. They have been employed for 1) detecting flaring sites, globally or regionally; 2) characterizing them; 3) computing the volumes of gas they flare; and 4) assessing air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions. Long-term archives of multispectral satellite imagery, dating to the 1990s, also provide the ability to follow the spatiotemporal evolution of GF. This work, which collects literature papers through July 2019 starting with background information on satellites' capabilities to observe gas flares, describes satellite-based methododologies used to derive independent, reliable data on GF.

中文翻译：

---

气体燃烧：一项从空间分析入手的评论

本文代表了分析太空中气体燃烧（GF）的最新技术。GF是空气污染的主要来源，对全球和当地都有重大影响。它的排放导致气候变化和空气污染，其实践浪费了宝贵的能源。评估这种现象的状态的主要障碍是公共信息的不完整和不一致（或缺乏）。在过去的几十年中，基于卫星的方法学显示出弥合这一差距的巨大潜力。它们已被用于以下方面：1）在全球或区域范围内检测喇叭口；2）表征它们；3）计算火炬燃烧的气体量；4）评估空气污染物和温室气体排放。可以追溯到1990年代的多光谱卫星影像的长期档案，还提供了跟踪GF的时空演变的能力。这项工作从2019年7月开始收集文献论文，首先是有关卫星观测瓦斯弹的能力的背景信息，它描述了基于卫星的方法论，这些方法学用于获取GF的独立，可靠的数据。