The Fukushima nuclear disaster has raised the importance on the reliability and risk research of the spent fuel pool (SFP), including the risk of internal events, fire, external hazards and so on. From a safety point of view, the low decay heat of the spent fuel assemblies and large water inventory in the SFP has made the accident progress goes very slow, but a large number of fuel assemblies are stored inside the spent fuel pool and without containment above the SFP building, it still has an unignored risk to the safety of the nuclear power plant. In this paper, a standardized approach for performing a holistic and comprehensive evaluation approach of the SFP risk based on the probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) method has been developed, including the Level 1 SFP PSA and Level 2 SFP PSA and external hazard PSA. The research scope of SFP PSA covers internal events, internal flooding, internal fires, external hazards and new risk source-fuel route risk is also included. The research will provide the risk insight of Spent Fuel Pool operation, and can help to make recommendation for the prevention and mitigation of SFP accidents which will be applicable for the SFP configuration risk management.

福岛核灾难提高了对乏燃料池（SFP）的可靠性和风险研究的重要性，包括内部事件，火灾，外部危害等的风险。从安全的角度来看，乏燃料组件的低衰减热量和SFP中的大量积水使事故进展非常缓慢，但是大量燃料组件存储在乏燃料池中并且没有在上方进行围堵SFP大楼对核电厂的安全仍然具有不可忽视的风险。本文开发了一种基于概率安全分析（PSA）方法对SFP风险进行整体和综合评估的标准化方法，包括1级SFP PSA，2级SFP PSA和外部危害PSA。SFP PSA的研究范围包括内部事件，内部洪水，内部火灾，外部危害，还包括新的危险源－燃料路线风险。该研究将提供有关乏燃料池运行的风险见解，并有助于为预防和减轻SFP事故提出建议，这些建议将适用于SFP配置风险管理。