How can agricultural mechanization be accomplished in a sustainable and equitable way? This question has gained increased prominence in mechanization research over the past few years. In this study, we apply the question to mechanized maize shelling in Tanzania as a case in point. Data from a survey with 400 farmers and from semi-structured interviews with 21 key informants are combined for a gender analysis that relies on Kabeer's concept of four institutional sites (household, community, market and government). The findings reveal that although mechanization reduces men's and women's perceived drudgery of shelling, relief depends on gendered patterns of labor allocation and decision-making at the household level. As a result, the transformation of inequitable norms emerges as paramount. Key informants identified additional aspects that would make mechanized shelling more equitable and sustainable, such as mainstreaming gender and mechanization in comprehensive agricultural training, or the sensitization of mechanized input suppliers and manufacturers to farmers' preferences (including gender-sensitive machine design). Concerted efforts in multiple institutional sites are needed to achieve lasting change in respect of equity in mechanization.

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可持续和公平的农业机械化？玉米脱壳的性别观点

如何以可持续和公平的方式实现农业机械化？在过去的几年里，这个问题在机械化研究中越来越突出。在这项研究中，我们将这个问题应用于坦桑尼亚的机械化玉米脱壳作为一个例子。对 400 名农民的调查数据和对 21 名关键信息提供者的半结构化访谈的数据结合起来进行性别分析，该分析依赖于 Kabeer 的四个机构场所（家庭、社区、市场和政府）的概念。研究结果表明，虽然机械化减少了男性和女性对炮击的苦恼，但缓解取决于家庭层面劳动力分配和决策的性别模式。因此，不公平规范的转变就显得至关重要。关键信息提供者确定了使机械化炮击更加公平和可持续的其他方面，例如将性别和机械化纳入综合农业培训的主流，或提高机械化投入供应商和制造商对农民偏好的敏感性（包括对性别敏感的机器设计）。要实现机械化公平方面的持久变革，需要在多个机构场所共同努力。