Abstract

The Enlightenment comprises various processes occurring in Europe from the middle of the eighteenth century to at the beginning of the nineteenth century. This era was a breakthrough in social, ideological, and political life. It was also an era of rediscovery and re-evaluation of antiquity, especially concerning physical culture. Enlightenment thought and knowledge from Western Europe, including that on antiquity and ancient physical culture, were also transferred to Poland, in various aspects of social and cultural life. Knowledge about ancient physical culture contained in Polish works that appeared in 1740–1830 demonstrates that it was similar to that in Enlightenment Europe. From the analysis provided in Enlightenment works depicting ancient physical culture, it is clear that knowledge about it was extensive. What is more, the knowledge of ancient physical culture in Greece and Rome that Polish thinkers had was much more comprehensive than has been believed. Despite social and political changes, the loss of Polish sovereignty, and numerous repressions caused by the partitioning powers, publications on ancient physical culture influenced the development of physical education and sport in Polish territory.

摘要

启蒙运动包括从 18 世纪中叶到 19 世纪初在欧洲发生的各种过程。这个时代是社会、思想和政治生活的一个突破。这也是一个重新发现和重新评估古代的时代，特别是在体育文化方面。来自西欧的启蒙思想和知识，包括古代和古代体育文化的思想和知识，也在社会和文化生活的各个方面转移到波兰。1740 年至 1830 年出现的波兰作品中包含的古代体育文化知识表明，它与启蒙运动的欧洲相似。从描绘古代体育文化的启蒙作品中提供的分析来看，很明显，关于它的知识是广泛的。更，波兰思想家对希腊和罗马古代体育文化的了解比人们认为的要全面得多。尽管社会和政治发生了变化，波兰主权的丧失，以及分权造成的多次镇压，关于古代体育文化的出版物影响了波兰领土上体育运动的发展。