Cognitive and Socioaffective Predictors of L2 Microdevelopment in Late Adulthood: A Longitudinal Intervention Study,The Modern Language Journal

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Cognitive and Socioaffective Predictors of L2 Microdevelopment in Late Adulthood: A Longitudinal Intervention Study
The Modern Language Journal ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 , DOI: 10.1111/modl.12696
MARIA KLIESCH ₁ , SIMONE E. PFENNINGER ₂

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The question of cognition in second language (L2) acquisition later in life is of importance inasmuch as L2 learning is largely mediated by domain‐general cognitive capacities. While a number of these capacities have been shown to decline with age, individual differences in cognition increase over the lifespan. This microdevelopment study investigates the L2 trajectories of 28 older German‐speaking adults (age 64+) who participated in a combined computer‐assisted and classroom‐instructed 7‐month Spanish training for beginners. We made use of generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to quantify linear and nonlinear learner trajectories as well as any predictors thereof. Participants were assessed on a range of behavioral, L2, socioaffective, and background variables. We found a significant (linear and nonlinear) increase across all measures of L2 proficiency. Between‐subject cognitive, socioaffective, and background variables significantly predicted the overall level of L2 proficiency as well as developmental patterns over time. Daily variances in cognitive performance and socioaffect had little impact on fluctuations in L2 performance. Findings are discussed against the backdrop of complex dynamic systems theory and highlight the necessity for dense longitudinal research designs to capture nonlinearity in third‐age L2 learning.

中文翻译：

成年后期L2微发育的认知和社会情感预测因子：纵向干预研究

生活中第二语言（L2）习得中的认知问题非常重要，因为第二语言的学习很大程度上是由领域通用的认知能力介导的。尽管这些能力中的许多能力随着年龄的增长而下降，但认知的个体差异会随着寿命的增长而增加。这项微开发研究调查了28位讲德语的成年人（64岁以上）的L2轨迹，他们参加了由计算机辅助和课堂指导的为期7个月的西班牙语初学者培训。我们利用广义加性混合模型（GAMM）来量化线性和非线性学习者轨迹以及其任何预测指标。对参与者进行了一系列行为，L2，社会情感和背景变量的评估。我们发现所有L2能力指标均出现了显着（线性和非线性）增长。受试者之间的认知，社会情感和背景变量显着预测了L2水平的总体水平以及随着时间的发展方式。认知表现和社会影响的每日变化对L2表现的波动影响很小。在复杂的动力学系统理论的背景下讨论了发现，并强调了进行密集的纵向研究设计以捕获第三代L2学习中的非线性的必要性。认知表现和社会影响的每日变化对L2表现的波动影响很小。在复杂的动力学系统理论的背景下讨论了发现，并强调了进行密集的纵向研究设计以捕获第三代L2学习中的非线性的必要性。认知表现和社会影响的每日变化对L2表现的波动影响很小。在复杂的动力学系统理论的背景下讨论了发现，并强调了进行密集的纵向研究设计以捕获第三代L2学习中的非线性的必要性。

更新日期：2021-03-25

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