This study examines consequences for knowledge creation due to differences in embeddedness of inter-firm ties, more specifically, between informal or Arm's Length Relationships (ALRs) and formal collaborations. Qualitative data from 41 respondents across 22 SMEs is used to examine knowledge conversion processes comprising the SECI (Socialisation, Externalisation, Combination, Internalisation) framework of knowledge creation. We show a difference based on embeddedness of ties for how knowledge creation unfolds. Implications for spin off between ties and for firm attention to deliberating and managing a varied portfolio of ties for superior performance, are also drawn.

中文翻译：

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企业间联系和知识创造的嵌入†

本研究考察了由于公司间联系的嵌入性差异，更具体地说，非正式或公平交易关系 (ALR) 与正式合作之间的差异对知识创造的影响。来自 22 家 SME 的 41 名受访者的定性数据用于检查构成知识创造的 SECI（社会化、外部化、组合、内部化）框架的知识转换过程。我们展示了基于联系嵌入性的差异，以了解知识创造如何展开。还得出了关系之间的分拆以及坚定地关注审议和管理各种关系组合以获得卓越绩效的含义。