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Assessing transparency in fisheries subsidies: A notification-driven analysis
Marine Policy ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 , DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104152
Lorenzo Formenti

The availability of fisheries subsidies data has been a challenge since the beginning of WTO negotiations, with government disclosure being historically low. No multilateral agency is currently mandated to systematically collect, assemble and disseminate fisheries subsidies data and the knowledge base remains weak. While anecdotal evidence is abundant, subsidy notifications have not been systematically explored as a source of policy intelligence. By proposing a novel approach to extract and analyze information from WTO notifications, this paper aims to fill this gap and shed new light upon the ultimate determinants of government transparency in relation to fisheries subsidies. By screening texts of notifications by China and the United States under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) (1995–2016), this paper identifies a unique set of 61 fisheries and aquaculture policies. For each, budget allocations or expenditures are extracted, and qualitative policy information categorized. This is then used to measure the degree of compliance with notification requirements (SCM Agreement, Art. 25.3). This paper argues that, while government transparency plays a role in determining the level and quality of notified information, intrinsic characteristics of the notification framework may also work as hindrances to sound reporting. A comprehensive effort that simultaneously involves the content, institutional and technological dimensions is needed in order to modernize the WTO notification framework in a way that creates new and better incentives for disclosure.



中文翻译:

评估渔业补贴的透明度:以通知为导向的分析

自从世贸组织谈判开始以来,可获得的渔业补贴数据一直是一个挑战,因为政府披露的历史数据很少。目前没有任何多边机构被授权系统地收集,收集和传播渔业补贴数据,而且知识库仍然薄弱。尽管轶事证据丰富,但尚未系统地探索补贴通知作为政策情报的来源。通过提出一种从WTO通知中提取和分析信息的新颖方法,本文旨在填补这一空白,并为政府在渔业补贴方面的透明度的最终决定因素提供新的思路。通过筛选中美根据《补贴与反补贴措施协议》(SCM)(1995-2016)发出的通知文本,本文确定了一套独特的61种渔业和水产养殖政策。对于每一个,都提取预算分配或支出,并对定性政策信息进行分类。然后将其用于衡量对通知要求的遵守程度(《 SCM协议》第25.3条)。本文认为,尽管政府透明度在确定通报信息的水平和质量方面发挥着作用,但通报框架的内在特征也可能会妨碍报告的健全性。为了使世贸组织通知框架现代化,从而创造新的更好的激励措施,需要同时涉及内容,体制和技术层面的全面努力。提取预算分配或支出,并对定性政策信息进行分类。然后将其用于衡量对通知要求的遵守程度(《 SCM协议》第25.3条)。本文认为,尽管政府透明度在确定通报信息的水平和质量方面发挥着作用,但通报框架的内在特征也可能会妨碍报告的健全性。为了使世贸组织通知框架现代化,从而创造新的更好的激励措施,需要同时涉及内容,体制和技术层面的全面努力。提取预算分配或支出,并对定性政策信息进行分类。然后将其用于衡量对通知要求的遵守程度(《 SCM协议》第25.3条)。本文认为,尽管政府透明度在确定通报信息的水平和质量方面发挥着作用,但通报框架的内在特征也可能会妨碍报告的健全性。为了使世贸组织通知框架现代化,从而创造新的更好的激励措施,需要同时涉及内容,体制和技术层面的全面努力。本文认为,尽管政府透明度在确定通报信息的水平和质量方面发挥着作用,但通报框架的内在特征也可能会妨碍报告的健全性。为了使世贸组织通知框架现代化,从而创造新的更好的激励措施,需要同时涉及内容,体制和技术层面的全面努力。本文认为,尽管政府透明度在确定通报信息的水平和质量方面发挥着作用,但通报框架的内在特征也可能会妨碍报告的健全性。为了使世贸组织通知框架现代化,从而创造新的更好的激励措施,需要同时涉及内容,体制和技术层面的全面努力。

更新日期:2021-03-09
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