Speakers show cross-linguistic differences in expressing placement events involving support (cup on table) and containment (apple in bowl) in first language (L1) contexts. They rely on either more-general (e.g., Spanish for support, Polish for containment) or more-specific (e.g., German, Polish for support; Spanish, German for containment) descriptions. Relatively less is known about the expression of placement events in second language (L2) production contexts. In this study, we examined object-placement event descriptions produced by two groups of L1 Polish speakers—with either German or Spanish as their L2—in comparison to monolingual speakers of German, Spanish, and Polish, using an animated event description task. Bilingual speakers showed greater effect of L1 patterns in moving from a more-general to a more-specific system and L2 patterns in moving from a more-specific to a more-general or between two more-specific systems, suggesting that the specificity of event expression in L1 influences patterns of placement expression in L2.

中文翻译：

---

第一语言中事件表达的特殊性影响第二语言中物体放置事件的表达

演讲者在第一语言（L1）上下文中表达涉及支持（桌上的杯子）和遏制（碗里的苹果）的放置事件时表现出跨语言差异。它们依赖于更一般的（例如，西班牙语表示支持，波兰语表示遏制）或更具体（例如，德语、波兰语表示支持；西班牙语、德语表示遏制）描述。关于第二语言（L2）生产环境中放置事件的表达知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们使用动画事件描述任务检查了两组 L1 波兰语使用者（德语或西班牙语作为他们的 L2）与德语、西班牙语和波兰语的单语使用者产生的对象放置事件描述。