Neanderthals and modern humans from the Early Upper Palaeolithic had a highly developed knowledge of their environment, where they found the essential resources for their subsistence. Therefore, changes in the local landscape and available resources should have influenced their behaviour, as indicated by faunal and plant remains recovered from archaeological sites. In the central-eastern Iberian Mediterranean region, the archaeological sites of Cova Negra, Abrigo de la Quebrada, Cova de les Malladetes and Cova de les Cendres have provided wood charcoal, seeds and fauna. The combination of these data allows an accurate reconstruction of the regional landscape from MIS 5 to the beginning of MIS 2. The available evidence suggests that this region could be defined as a refugium in which biodiversity persisted. This type of refugium, containing a high diversity of biotopes and some endemic species, which has lasted until the present day, can be seen at a regional scale, but also locally, especially near the coast. These special characteristics of the region – relatively stable climatic conditions with oscillations mainly in aridity and humidity, and a high diversity of flora and fauna – could explain the high density of Palaeolithic sites throughout Middle and Upper Palaeolithic here.

中文翻译：

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伊比利亚地中海中东部地区能否被定义为避难所？MIS 5-3 中的动植物群及其对旧石器时代人类行为的影响

来自旧石器时代早期的尼安德特人和现代人类对他们的环境有着高度发达的知识，他们在那里找到了维持生计的必要资源。因此，当地景观和可用资源的变化应该会影响他们的行为，正如从考古遗址中恢复的动植物遗骸所表明的那样。在伊比利亚地中海中东部地区，Cova Negra、Abrigo de la Quebrada、Cova de les Malladetes 和 Cova de les Cendres 的考古遗址提供了木炭、种子和动物群。这些数据的结合可以准确地重建从 MIS 5 到 MIS 2 开始的区域景观。现有证据表明，该地区可以被定义为生物多样性持续存在的避难所。这种避难所，包含高度多样性的生物群落和一些一直持续到今天的特有物种，可以在区域范围内看到，也可以在本地看到，特别是在海岸附近。该地区的这些特殊特征 - 相对稳定的气候条件，主要在干旱和湿度下波动，以及动植物群的高度多样性 - 可以解释这里旧石器时代中段和上段旧石器时代遗址的高密度。