Urbanization and its resulting environmental stressors are often managed within terrestrial, freshwater, or marine realms separately. This is problematic for the many cities situated at the intersection between these realms, because stressors and associated management actions can affect multiple realms simultaneously and impacts may be compounded at boundaries. Here, we describe management approaches operating within and across realms, and identify impediments to cross‐realm urban management. We find that management that fails to consider connectivity either within or between realms at best delivers only small‐scale benefits and at worst can produce large‐scale unintended negative outcomes. In contrast, management that explicitly considers inter‐realm connectivity can generate large benefits relative to the cost of interventions. Successful cross‐realm management requires consideration of connectivity, scale (temporal and spatial), and ecological processes across more than two realms, and is underpinned by an integrated and collaborative approach that provides multiple benefits.

中文翻译：

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迈向沿海城市生态系统的跨领域管理

城市化及其产生的环境压力因素通常在陆地，淡水或海洋领域内进行单独管理。对于位于这些领域之间的交汇处的许多城市而言，这是个问题，因为压力源和相关的管理措施会同时影响多个领域，并且影响可能会在边界处加重。在这里，我们描述了在领域内和跨领域运作的管理方法，并确定了跨领域城市管理的障碍。我们发现，不考虑领域内部或领域之间的连通性的管理层最多只能带来小规模的收益，而最坏的情况下可能会产生大规模的意想不到的负面结果。相比之下，明确考虑跨域连接的管理可以产生相对于干预成本的巨大收益。