Variations in morphology and salt spray tolerance were studied among 22 populations of Setaria viridis derived from the coastal and inland habitats of central Japan to elucidate the adaptation of the species to coastal habitats, which are important reservoirs that enhance the overall species diversity in agro-ecosystems. The S. viridis populations comprised three ecotypes that differed in plant form and salt spray tolerance: coastal short, for populations within rocky cliffs and pebble shores; coastal tall, found in sandy shores; and ordinary inland tall ecotypes. The coastal short ecotype exhibited significantly higher salt spray tolerance than the ordinary inland ecotypes. The coastal tall ecotype found primarily within the Seto Inland Sea had intermediate salt spray tolerance. The compact stature and high salt spray tolerance of the coastal short ecotype appeared to be adaptive to intensive salt spray transported by strong winds from the open sea, whereas mild breezes off the Inland Sea enabled the tall and moderately tolerant plants to survive on the sandy shores. At Cape Naruto, both coastal short and inland tall ecotypes were observed separately in continuous plant sequences from rocky cliffs to inland areas. The inland tall ecotype that is susceptible to salt spray could survive within this area because the surrounding evergreen trees impede salt spray. The coastal short ecotype occupies rocky cliffs because migrants coming from inland could be eliminated by intensive salt spray. Therefore, maintaining the specific habitats to which coastal plants have fully adapted is highly important for the preservation of biodiversity.

中文翻译：

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日本中部狗尾草沿海和内陆种群的表型变异和形态适应性及耐盐雾性

研究了来自日本中部沿海和内陆栖息地的22个狗尾草（Setaria viridis）形态和盐雾耐受性的变化，阐明了该物种对沿海生境的适应性，沿海生境是增强农业生态系统总体物种多样性的重要水库。 。该狗尾草种群包括三种植物类型和耐盐雾性不同的生态类型：沿海矮种，用于岩石峭壁和卵石海岸内的种群；沿海高大，见于沙质海岸；和普通的内陆高大生态型。沿海短生态型比普通内陆生态型具有更高的耐盐雾性。主要在濑户内海发现的沿海高大生态型具有中等的盐雾耐受性。沿海短生态型的紧凑型身材和高耐盐雾性似乎适应于强风从公海运送的密集盐雾，而内陆海域的微风使高矮耐性植物能够在沙质海岸上生存。在火影忍者角 从岩石峭壁到内陆地区，在连续的植物序列中分别观察到沿海矮型和内陆高大的生态型。易受盐雾影响的内陆高大生态型可以在该地区生存，因为周围的常绿乔木阻碍了盐雾的产生。沿海短生态型占据了悬崖峭壁，因为来自内陆的移民可以通过大量喷盐来消除。因此，维持沿海植物充分适应的特定生境对于保护生物多样性非常重要。沿海的短生态型占据了多岩石的悬崖，因为可以通过大量的盐雾消除来自内陆的移民。因此，维持沿海植物充分适应的特定生境对于保护生物多样性非常重要。沿海短生态型占据了悬崖峭壁，因为来自内陆的移民可以通过大量喷盐来消除。因此，维持沿海植物充分适应的特定生境对于保护生物多样性非常重要。