Light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are a promising solution for energy‐saving illumination, terminal display technology, and visible light communication. Driven by the vast markets of these emergent applications, the everlasting demand for LED devices is to continuously improve the luminous efficiency and lifetime while minimizing costs. The luminous efficiency of LEDs can be improved from various perspectives including materials, nanofabrication, encapsulation, and other fields, mainly to increase the internal quantum efficiency of the active layer, the light extraction efficiency, the directionality of luminous emission, and the photoluminescence of color‐converting layer. A nanoantenna is a delicately designed functional structure with strong capabilities in decay rate enhancement, light regulation, and other unique optical and electrical characteristics, which fully meet the needs of LED emission enhancement. Starting from the mechanism of nanoantennas, how to enhance LEDs by nanoantennas made of metals, dielectrics, and mixtures of both is discussed. By considering some practical cases, the review of the enhanced functionalities of LEDs under the function of nanoantenna are provided. On top of that, the great potential of nanoantennas for the use in micro‐ and nanostructures, layered structures, and other new LED geometries, and for the active control of LEDs using reprogrammable nanoantennas is also put forward.

中文翻译：

---

纳米天线增强型发光二极管：基础和最新进展

发光二极管（LED）是节能照明，终端显示技术和可见光通信的有前途的解决方案。在这些新兴应用的广阔市场推动下，对LED器件的永恒需求是不断提高发光效率和使用寿命，同时将成本降至最低。可以从包括材料，纳米制造，封装和其他领域的各种角度提高LED的发光效率，主要是为了增加有源层的内部量子效率，光提取效率，发光方向和颜色的光致发光。转换层。纳米天线是精心设计的功能结构，在衰减率增强，光调节，以及其他独特的光电特性，完全可以满足LED发射增强的需求。从纳米天线的机理出发，讨论了如何通过由金属，电介质以及两者的混合物制成的纳米天线来增强LED。通过考虑一些实际情况，提供了在纳米天线功能下LED的增强功能的综述。最重要的是，还提出了纳米天线在微米和纳米结构，分层结构和其他新的LED几何形状中使用以及使用可重编程纳米天线对LED进行主动控制的巨大潜力。通过考虑一些实际情况，提供了在纳米天线功能下LED的增强功能的综述。最重要的是，还提出了纳米天线在微米和纳米结构，分层结构和其他新的LED几何形状中使用以及使用可重编程纳米天线对LED进行主动控制的巨大潜力。通过考虑一些实际情况，提供了在纳米天线功能下LED的增强功能的综述。最重要的是，还提出了纳米天线在微米和纳米结构，分层结构和其他新的LED几何形状中使用以及使用可重编程纳米天线对LED进行主动控制的巨大潜力。