Cognitive impairments that accompany aging, even in the absence of neurodegenerative diseases, include deficits in executive function and memory mediated by the prefrontal cortex. Because of the unique differentiation and expansion of the prefrontal cortex in primates, investigations of the neurobiological basis of cognitive aging in nonhuman primates have been particularly informative about the potential basis for age-related cognitive decline in humans. We review the cognitive functions mediated by specific subregions of prefrontal cortex, and their corresponding connections, as well as the evidence for age-related alterations in specific regions of prefrontal cortex. We also discuss evidence for similarities and differences in the effects of aging on prefrontal cortex across species.

中文翻译：

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猕猴的前额叶皮层和认知衰老


即使没有神经退行性疾病，伴随衰老而来的认知障碍也包括由前额叶皮层介导的执行功能和记忆缺陷。由于灵长类动物前额皮质的独特分化和扩张，对非人类灵长类动物认知衰老的神经生物学基础的研究特别有助于了解人类与年龄相关的认知衰退的潜在基础。我们回顾了前额叶皮层特定亚区域介导的认知功能及其相应的联系，以及前额叶皮层特定区域与年龄相关的变化的证据。我们还讨论了衰老对不同物种前额叶皮层影响的相似性和差异性的证据。