In order to improve the safety and stability of pneumatic equipment, in this paper, the supersaturation phenomenon of humid air and its formation, evolution mechanism during the humidification process, are revealed and evaluated in detail with the defined evaluation criterion. In term of the finite difference method, the integrated mathematical models for humidification process are established, considering the unsaturated, saturated and supersaturated state of humid air. The influence laws of the specified critical parameters on the supersaturation characteristics of humid air are obtained at off-design conditions. The simulation results first reveal that the effects of specific surface area of porous media on the supersaturation phenomenon is affinitive with the liquid-gas ratio. It is found that a lower value both of inlet water temperature and inlet relative humidity will slightly weaken the entrainment ratio, while the inlet air temperature has a significant reaction to it, with a minimum value of 1.5 × 10⁻³ kgkg⁻¹ at the conditions of T_wi = 70°C, φ_i = 0.5 and T_ai = 30°C. It is also obtained that raising the inlet wet-bulb temperature is effective to reduce the entrainment ratio. Furthermore, in the process of the development of supersaturation phenomenon, the entrainment ratio increases rapidly at the humid air outlet for all the cases, which are of great value for humidity control in aerodynamic systems.

为了提高气动设备的安全性和稳定性，本文对湿空气的过饱和现象及其形成，加湿过程中的演变机理进行了揭示，并根据确定的评估标准进行了详细评估。根据有限差分法，考虑湿空气的不饱和，饱和和过饱和状态，建立了加湿过程的综合数学模型。在非设计条件下获得了指定的关键参数对湿空气过饱和特性的影响规律。模拟结果首先表明，多孔介质的比表面积对过饱和现象的影响与液气比有关。^-3 kgkg ^-1处的条件Ť_无线 = 70℃，φ_我 = 0.5和Ť _AI  = 30℃。还获得了提高入口湿球温度对于降低夹带率是有效的。此外，在过饱和现象的发展过程中，在所有情况下，在湿空气出口处的夹带率均迅速增加，这对于空气动力学系统中的湿度控制具有重要的价值。