By manufacturing housing products off-site and assembling on-site, modular construction can significantly improve the housing supply efficiency, particularly for high-density cities. However, off-site modular housing production (OMHP) supervision is currently problematic. The production parties are reluctant to provide detailed private data; Even worse, the submitted operation records can be easily fabricated, tampered with, or hard to trace the responsibility. This study develops an innovative Two-layer Adaptive Blockchain-based Supervision (TABS) model for OMHP. The first layer includes the adaptive private sidechains of participants. The second layer is the main blockchain for communication and ‘trading’ among all participants. Benefitted from the unique adaptive two-layer structure, TABS can avoid tampering with operation records by the main blockchain and drive the participants to publish their operation records promptly without privacy leaks. A system prototype was also developed to evaluate the performance of the TABS model. The results indicated that the TABS model could enhance privacy and reduce storage costs at an acceptable latency level. The findings of this study can pave the avenue for a tamper-proof and privacy-preserving supervision mechanism in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry.

通过在现场制造住房产品并在现场组装，模块化结构可以显着提高住房供应效率，特别是对于高密度城市而言。但是，异地模块化房屋生产（OMHP）的监督目前存在问题。生产方不愿提供详细的私人数据；更糟糕的是，提交的操作记录很容易被伪造，篡改或难以追究责任。这项研究为OMHP开发了创新的两层基于自适应区块链的监管（TABS）模型。第一层包括参与者的自适应私有侧链。第二层是所有参与者之间进行交流和“交易”的主要区块链。得益于独特的自适应两层结构，TABS可以避免主区块链篡改操作记录，并促使参与者及时发布其操作记录，而不会泄露隐私。还开发了系统原型来评估TABS模型的性能。结果表明，TABS模型可以在可接受的等待时间水平上提高隐私性并降低存储成本。这项研究的发现可以为建筑，工程和建筑行业的防篡改和保护隐私的监督机制铺平道路。