Approximately 65% of primate species are facing extinction, with threats including the impacts of linear infrastructures such as roads, railways, and power lines, associated with habitat loss and fragmentation, direct and indirect mortality, and changes in animal behavioral patterns. Nevertheless, this is an often-overlooked topic in primatology, and there is limited information on which regions and species are most affected by linear infrastructures. Here, we provide a global assessment of priority areas and primate species for conservation by integrating information from global-scale open-access data sets on the distributional ranges, traits, and threats to primate species and linear infrastructures, together with a systematic literature review and a questionnaire sent to primatological societies. We produced a bivariate map that reflects the patterns of co-occurrence of the Conservation Value and Infrastructure Density. From this map we highlight Primate Mitigation Areas (regions with high Primate Conservation Value and Infrastructure Density), which are areas where infrastructure mitigation should be prioritized; and the Primate Preservation Areas (regions with high Primate Conservation Value and low Infrastructure Density), which represent areas that should be preserved from further infrastructure development. Primate Mitigation Areas primarily include the Atlantic forest of Brazil, the Guinean forests of West Africa, and most of Southeastern Asia, whereas Primate Preservation Areas are found principally in the Amazon and Congo River basins. Our assessment also produced a list of priority species affected by infrastructures, with the great apes and gibbons ranking highest. Global infrastructure projects, especially the Belt and Road Initiative, can seriously affect both priority areas (particularly preservation areas) and the most vulnerable species, due to the massive sprawl of linear infrastructures and associated human activity. Thus, we call for dedicated strategic environmental and social assessments throughout these different economic corridors within the Belt and Road Initiative planning process, prior to developing the different projects. Our assessment can serve as a tool to coordinate management actions and legislation around the world.

大约65％的灵长类物种正面临灭绝，其威胁包括线性基础设施（如道路，铁路和电力线）的影响，与栖息地的丧失和破碎，直接和间接死亡率以及动物行为方式的变化有关。然而，这是灵长类动物学中一个经常被忽视的话题，关于哪些地区和物种受线性基础设施影响最大的信息有限。在这里，我们通过整合来自全球范围的开放访问数据集的信息（关于分布范围，特征以及对灵长类物种和线性基础设施的威胁），对保护重点地区和灵长类物种进行了全球评估，并进行了系统的文献综述和发送给灵长类动物学会的问卷。我们制作了一个反映了“保护价值”和“基础设施密度”共存模式的双变量图。在此地图上，我们突出显示了灵长类动物减灾区（具有高灵长类动物保护价值和基础设施密度的区域），这些区域应优先考虑基础设施减灾；以及灵长类动物保护区（具有高灵长类动物保护价值和低基础设施密度的区域），它们代表着应从进一步的基础设施发展中保留的区域。灵长类动物保护区主要包括巴西的大西洋森林，西非的几内亚森林和东南亚大部分地区，而灵长类动物保护区主要位于亚马逊河和刚果河盆地。我们的评估还列出了受基础设施影响的优先物种清单，猿猴和长臂猿排名最高。由于线性基础设施的大规模蔓延和相关的人类活动，全球基础设施项目，尤其是“一带一路”倡议，会严重影响优先领域（尤其是保护区）和最脆弱的物种。因此，在开发不同项目之前，我们呼吁在“一带一路”倡议的规划过程中，对这些不同的经济走廊进行专门的战略性环境和社会评估。我们的评估可以用作协调全球管理行动和法规的工具。由于线性基础设施的大规模扩张以及相关的人类活动。因此，在开发不同项目之前，我们呼吁在“一带一路”倡议的规划过程中，对这些不同的经济走廊进行专门的战略性环境和社会评估。我们的评估可以用作协调全球管理行动和法规的工具。由于线性基础设施的大规模扩张以及相关的人类活动。因此，在开发不同项目之前，我们呼吁在“一带一路”倡议的规划过程中，对这些不同的经济走廊进行专门的战略性环境和社会评估。我们的评估可以用作协调全球管理行动和法规的工具。