Panicle architecture directly affects the grain yield of rice; meanwhile, crop domestication has increased the complexity of rice panicle size and branching pattern. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to investigate the genetic basis underlying panicle architecture using 183 rice accessions from around the world and a 7 K SNP array. Phenotyping was conducted at Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center in Beaumont, TX. GWAS was performed using MLM (Q + K) model using GAPIT software. At p-value < 0.001, a total of 49 GWAS QTLs controlling various panicle architecture traits were mapped. Considering the recurring and linked SNPs across the panicle architecture traits, 42 independent QTL regions were identified. Among these, 27 QTL regions co-localized with known genes or previously reported QTLs or significant SNP markers, while 15 were potentially novel QTL regions. The results of our study offer useful information on genetic bases controlling panicle architecture in rice, which could be further validated and utilized for designing markers for use in markers assisted selection (MAS) in rice breeding programs. May assist in further molecular studies to dissect this trait and for crop improvement.

穗型结构直接影响水稻的籽粒产量。同时，农作物的驯化增加了水稻穗大小和分支模式的复杂性。进行了全基因组关联研究（GWAS），使用来自世界各地的183份水稻材料和7 K SNP阵列，研究了穗构架的遗传基础。表型分析是在德克萨斯州博蒙特市的德克萨斯州A＆M农业生命研究中心进行的。GWAS是使用GAPIT软件使用MLM（Q + K）模型执行的。在p值<0.001处，共绘制了49个控制各种穗构型性状的GWAS QTL。考虑到穗构型性状的重复和连锁SNP，确定了42个独立的QTL区域。其中有27个QTL区域与已知基因或先前报道的QTL或重要的SNP标记共定位，而15个可能是新颖的QTL区域。我们的研究结果提供了有关控制水稻穗构型的遗传基础的有用信息，可以进一步验证这些信息，并将其用于设计用于水稻育种计划中的标记辅助选择（MAS）的标记。可能有助于进一步的分子研究，以剖析该性状并改善作物。