The tunable bandgap from 0.3 eV to 2 eV of black phosphorus (BP) makes it to fill the gap in graphene. When studying the properties of BP more comprehensive, scientists have discovered that many two-dimensional materials, such as tellurene, antimonene, bismuthene, indium selenide and tin sulfide, have similar structures and properties to black phosphorus thus called black phosphorus analogs. In this review, we briefly introduce preparation methods of black phosphorus and its analogs, with emphasis on the method of mechanical exfoliation (ME), liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). And their characterization and properties according to their classification of single-element materials and multi-element materials are described. We focus on the performance of passively mode-locked fiber lasers using BP and its analogs as saturable absorbers (SA) and demonstrated this part through classification of working wavelength. Finally, we introduce the application of BP and its analogs, and discuss their future research prospects.

从0.3 eV到2 eV的黑磷（BP）可调带隙使得它可以填充石墨烯中的间隙。在更全面地研究BP的性能时，科学家发现许多二维材料（例如，碲烯，锑，铋，硒化铟和硫化锡）与黑磷具有相似的结构和性质，因此被称为黑磷类似物。在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了黑磷及其类似物的制备方法，重点介绍了机械剥落（ME），液相剥落（LPE）和化学气相沉积（CVD）的方法。并根据单元素材料和多元素材料的分类，描述了它们的表征和性能。我们专注于使用BP及其类似物作为可饱和吸收体（SA）的无源锁模光纤激光器的性能，并通过工作波长的分类展示了这一部分。最后，我们介绍了BP及其类似物的应用，并讨论了它们的未来研究前景。