Solanum plants (Solanaceae) are renowned source of nutraceuticals and have widely been explored for their phytochemical constituents. This work investigated the effects of kosmotropic and chaotropic salts on the number of phytochemicals extracted from the leaves of a nutraceutical plant, Solanum retroflexum, and analyzed on the ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to a quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS) detector. Here, a total of 20 different compounds were putatively characterized. The majority of the identified compounds were polyphenols and glycoalkaloids. Another compound, caffeoyl malate was identified for the first time in this plant. Glycoalkaloids such as solanelagnin, solamargine, solasonine, β-solanine (I) and β-solanine (II) were found to be extracted by almost all the salts used herein. Kosmotrope salts, overall, were more efficient in extracting polar compounds with 4 more polyphenolic compounds extracted compared to the chaotropes. Chaotropes were generally more selective for the extraction of less polar compounds (glycoalkaloids) with 3 more extracted than the kosmotropes. The chaotrope and the kosmotrope that extracted the most metabolites were NaCl and Na2SO4, respectively, with 12 metabolites extracted for each salt. This work demonstrated that a comprehensive metabolome of S. retroflexum, more than what was previously reported on the same plant, can be achieved by application of kosmotropes and chaotropes as extractants with the aid of the Aqueous Two Phase Extraction approach. The best-performing salts, Na2SO4 or NaCl, could potentially be applied on a commercial scale, to meet the ever-growing demand of the studied metabolites. The Aqueous Two Phase Extraction technique was found to be efficient in simultaneous extraction of multiple metabolites which can be applied in metabolomics.

中文翻译：

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在UPLC-QTOF-MS的帮助下从营养植物茄叶中的多酚化合物和糖生物碱的水两相萃取（ATPE）过程中解释同溶菌素和离液剂盐的作用

茄科植物（茄科）是著名的保健食品来源，并已对其植物化学成分进行了广泛研究。这项工作研究了同调和离液盐对从营养植物茄叶提取物的叶片中提取的植物化学物质数量的影响，并在用四极杆飞行时间质谱仪（UPLC-QTOF-）联用的超高效液相色谱上进行了分析。 MS）检测器。在此，总共鉴定了20种不同的化合物。大多数鉴定出的化合物是多酚和糖生物碱。在该植物中首次鉴定出另一种化合物，咖啡酸苹果酸。发现几乎所有本文使用的盐都提取了糖生物碱，例如茄蓝素，茄马精，茄碱，β-茄碱（I）和β-茄碱（II）。总的来说，与离液剂相比，Kosmotrope盐在萃取极性化合物方面具有更高的效率，而萃取出的多酚化合物则多于4种。通常，离液剂对极性较小的化合物（糖类生物碱）的萃取具有更高的选择性，而与同溶剂相比，离液剂的萃取率高3种。提取最多的代谢物的离液剂和共沸混合物分别为NaCl和Na2SO4，每种盐提取的代谢物为12种。这项工作表明，通过在水两相萃取法的帮助下使用同渗和离液剂作为萃取剂，可以实现逆向链霉菌的全面代谢组，而不是以前在同一株植物上的报道。性能最好的盐Na2SO4或NaCl可能会以商业规模使用，以满足研究代谢物不断增长的需求。发现水相两相萃取技术可有效同时萃取可用于代谢组学的多种代谢物。