ABSTRACT

This paper discusses the impact of East Asian philosophical ideas on the origins and development of martial arts. The article argues that the ideas of Daoist philosophy were developed into ‘soft styles’ or ‘internal schools’ that are based on the doctrine of ‘wuwei’ (action through non-action, effortless action) which follows the path of Yin. These styles are in opposition to ‘external’ or ‘hard styles’ of martial arts that follow the path of Yang. Daoist philosophy of ‘ziran’ (naturalness, spontaneity) influenced ‘animal’ or ‘imitation styles’ and the paradigm of natural, unplanned, and unforced combat movements. The influence of Buddhism on martial arts is found in techniques of mental tranquillity training for the extreme conditions of combat. The work also shows the significance of Confucianism for the formation of a code of honor for warriors, which includes the ethics of duty and respect.

摘要

本文论述了东亚哲学思想对武术起源和发展的影响。文章认为，道家哲学的思想发展为“软式”或“内派”，它们以“无为”（以无为，不为所为）的学说为基础，遵循殷之道。这些风格与遵循杨氏之道的“外”或“硬式”武术是对立的。'子然道家哲学’（自然性、自发性）影响了‘动物’或‘模仿风格’以及自然、无计划和非强制的战斗运动的范式。佛教对武术的影响体现在针对极端战斗条件的心理平静训练技巧中。这部作品还展示了儒家思想对于形成武士荣誉准则的重要性，其中包括义务和尊重的伦理。